The Causes of the Salem Witch Trials (DBQ) - 1337 Words

Living as we do in the 20th century, the charges imposed on people throughout New England during the 1680s and 1690s seem preposterous. Any behavior regarded as strange by fellow citizens was sufficient to hold a trial with a sentence of death. Though such scenarios seem unfathomable in our modern culture, it was a reality for hundreds of New England settlers. The causes of the famous outbreak of witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts are rooted in social, economic, and political aspects of the late 17th century Salem community. Early New Englanders were unable to accept the increase in diversity and the break in tradition that occurred between generations. This, in addition to various unappealing events which occurred throughout the late†¦show more content†¦She is described to be keeping refreshments for travelers and entertaining guests. In addition she wears bright and colorful clothing, which is seen as scandalous to the Puritan community of New England. Bridget s liveliness and happiness are foreign to the Puritan ideals of menial, hard work. Mrs. Bishop is noted by Reverend Hale, the local minister, as being a dangerous and corrupt influence to youths (Document H). Bridget Bishop is a middle-aged woman, andShow MoreRelatedThe Causes Of The Salem Witch Trials Of 1692700 Words   |  3 PagesSalem Witch Trials DBQ   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How would you feel if your life was ruined just because you were considered unfit for society? This is exactly what was going on during the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Prior to the trials, there were witch hunts that caused global unease mainly to Protestant societies. King Philip’s War also contributed to this unease by pushing people from the east coast and into Puritan towns. These towns had misogynistic male leadership, depriving many people of humanity becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Rosalyn Schanzer s Witches992 Words   |  4 PagesIn Rosalyn Schanzer’s Witches! The Absolutely True Tale of Disaster in Salem, the Salem Witch trials took place. What happened in Salem was something horrible, they hanged 19 innocent people for witchcraft and 1 was pressed to death. the hangings were on Gallows Hill. Not only that, but 200 people were accused. The Trials were Awful, so many lies told. Mothers accused children, and they did the same. Brothers accused brothers, and etcetera. Yet the aftermath was probably just as bad. People diedRead MoreAp Euro Witchcraft Dbq1133 Words   |  5 PagesWitchcraft DBQ (Many of the people who were persecuted as witches from the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries were those of a seemingly inferior mindset, those who are blamed for problems in the community and those who were social outcasts.) This time period occurred throughout the Protestant, Catholic and Scientific revolutions. The victims of the witch trials were usually persecuted in Europe as a whole however focused on areas like South Western Europe. Witches were usually people who were

The Diversity Of The Indigenous Youth Arts Program

Imagine a mural, of ancient Cree markings, known as syllabics, etched on a wall in a public art gallery. You notice that for certain blocked inscriptions of the text, red and gray paint in the style of graffiti buffing has obscured them from view. That translated mural, presented by Open Space galleries, tells the story of the flood for the Cree Nation. Created in 2013 by a young indigenous artist named Jesse Campbell. As a student, you don t have many opportunities to create a large-scale piece of art and have it displayed in a public place. But here in Victoria a program exists for indigenous youth artists where you can do just that. The Indigenous Youth Arts Program, created by the Open Space arts society, provides this environment. A studio where young indigenous artists can experiment and create grand scale artwork. Every two weeks mentors and participants meet to explore and work on their respective projects. The Indigenous mentors are artists in their fields, who share their knowledge and ability with the students. The program is flexible, with drop-in opportunities to come for a few sessions or stay for the full program. Jesse Campbell, a former student of the program in 2013, who is now the co-ordinator of the program, says, the mentors are fortunate to be a part of the program, and consider the student s lucky to have access to such a resource. A place that cultivates and enriches indigenous artists, by giving them direction and opportunity to exploreShow MoreRelatedIndigenous Education in the Philippines4646 Words   |  19 Pagesof Professional Education Taft Ave., Manila INDIGENOUS EDUCATION A TERM PAPER IN PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION 13 Submitted to Dr. Camila Gonzales (Professor) In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements in Prof. Ed. 13 (Developments in Education) Submitted By Inguito, Rose Ann Palencia IV- 20 BSE Social Science November 20, 2012 Semester II, 2012- 2013 INDIGENOUS EDUCATION (A Development in Education) I. INTRODUCTION â€Å"Well, I think indigenous peoples have ways of living on the Earth thatRead MoreFestivals Essay3916 Words   |  16 Pagesentertainment, as such, festivals are found to be a cultural industry, involving large numbers of people working in organisation, administration, promotion, marketing, and the creative and performing arts. Festivals come in different forms including agricultural, cultural, historical, horticultural, and arts festivals to specific audiences and sub-cultures (fringe festivals). Culture is about, and has been used to shape and to govern, identity; therefore as Australia is a multicultural country rich withRead MoreRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 PagesIN NICARAGUA Myrna Cunningham Kain With the collaboration of: Ariel Jacobson, Sofà ­a Manzanares, Eileen Mairena, Eilen Gà ³mez, Jefferson Sinclair Bush November 2006 Centro para la Autonomà ­a y Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indà ­genas Center for Indigenous Peoples’ Autonomy and Development Racism and Ethnic Discrimination in Nicaragua November 2006 Contents 1. 2. Introduction Structure of the study 2.1 Scope and methodology 4 7 7 3. Racism and individual and collectiveRead Moreâ€Å"I Wanted to Go to School but My Parents Told Me, No Essays6683 Words   |  27 Pagestime Australia was first discovered in 1788. For instance, when Federation came into existence in 1901, there was a prevailing belief held by non Aboriginal Australians that the Aborigines were a dying race (Nichol, 2005:259) which resulted in the Indigenous people being excluded from the constitution except for two mentions – Section 127 excluded Aborigines from the census and Section 51, part 26, which allowed States to govern Aborigines rather than to the Federal Government (http://reconciliactionRead MoreThe Academic English Mastery Program (AEMP) Essay4633 Words   |  19 PagesPedagogical classroom instruction as a means to social change: The Academic English Mastery Program (AEMP) The Academic English Mastery Program (AEMP) is a groundbreaking approach to ensuring the language and literacy acquisition of speakers of non-standard varieties in parts of the Los Angeles Unified School District. Headed by former speech pathologist Dr. Noma LeMoine, AEMP is a response to an article entitled, â€Å"The Children Can No Longer Wait: An Action Plan to End Low Achievement and EstablishRead MoreEssay on SWOT Analysis of Commonwealth Bank of Australia3124 Words   |  13 Pagescapture growth opportunities by achieving customer focus culture and people as well as strengthening customer base. The organisation seeks to achieve customer focus-culture and people through enhancing employee talent programs, long-term focus on employees, committing to diversity and by not offshoring jobs overseas. Strong and Flexible Balance Sheet Commonwealth bank Group’s CEO believes having a strong and flexible balance sheet is an important component in long-term viability in a volatile economicRead MoreCultural Anthropology6441 Words   |  26 PagesBehaviour and beliefs related to art, leisure, and play. - linked to other cultural domains such as: Exchange: pot latching art and dance, Bodily modification. Decorations, tattoos Religion: clothing, practices, etc. What is Art? Art is application of imagination, skill and style to matters movement, and sound that goes beyond the purely practical. * High art= in a museum * Low art= graffiti Who decides: What is Art? Emic/etic confusions regarding art * Emic: insider (member) viewRead MoreThe Chicano Movement Of America1832 Words   |  8 PagesMexican-American started a movement, the Chicano movement. The Chicano movement occurs after being tired from suffering, for many years, margination, poverty and a broken â€Å"american dream†. The Chicanos besides succeeding in the creation of literary and visual arts that validated the ethnicity of the Mexican-American culture, they also achieved numerous legal and political victories. One of them the happened in 1947 that declared that the segregation among Mexican kids is unconstitutional. Six years later anotherRead MoreEssay on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)3709 Words   |  15 Pagesdecreased the amount of raw material and energy input into their products and reduced the emissions at their manufacturing sites. Through financial contributions and the active volunteer participation of employees, DuPont provides support to school programs and non-profit organizations that address one or more components of community sustainability. Motorola’s Environmental Footprint Sustainability Motorola is also contributing to corporate responsibility in several ways. Motorola contributes toRead MoreEssay on Needs of Diverse Learners Final4267 Words   |  18 Pagesand becoming competent in its language and ways of behaving and knowing is Enculturation 13. The unwritten and informal rules that guide the expected behaviors and attitudes of students in schools is Hidden curriculum 14. Religious diversity impacts all of the following classroom aspects EXCEPT Scheduling of standardized tests 15. A philosophy that expects citizens to provide for those persons in society who are not as advantaged as others is Social justice 16. The arbitrary

Management Accounting Product Ascertain

Question: Describe about the Management Accounting for Product Ascertain. Answer: Introduction: It is important to calculate cost of goods and cost of services properly. The manufacturing unit and service concerns are required to ascertain the cost of product, to compute the selling price of the product and to ascertain the net profit of the concern. According to AASB 102 cost of inventories, include cost related to purchase, cost related to inventories, and other costs (Hart et al. 2012). For instance, a production unit takes into account the whole expenditure of the product, but in general, the unit should include only the amount spent on raw materials. Therefore, it is important to calculate the proper cost spent on various units. On the other hand, product-costing means a system of costing, which is required to obtain the cost, related to product or services. It can be calculated by allocating all the expenses of the business under various head to calculate total cost of production. It takes into account all the requirements and procedures of AASB to ascertain the cost of p roduct. Necessity of product cost system: The method is beneficial for both the manufacturing unit as well as for service unit because it is helpful in ascertaining the cost of product and services. The main purpose of this system is to calculate the product cost and the determination cost of the concern. Primary objectives of production cost: The primary objectives of this system are as follows: To determine the cost of purchase and sale: It is necessary to ascertain the cost related to production so that the management can ascertain the accurate cost of production. Moreover, it is helpful in calculating the future loss of the department (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). It is helpful in calculating expenses: A business concern spends lot of money on various heads. It is not necessary that all the expenses be of production. In this case, it is important to note that the basic cost of any business unit is the cost of production. If the production cost is not accurate than it is not easy to calculate the selling price of the product, i.e. if the cost of production is high than it will effect either the selling price of the product or the profit/loss margin of the concern. According to AASB, the production cost is to be calculated only on the cost related to production, so that the actual expenditure spent by the company on production can be, ascertain. This will help the company to determine the various heads of expenditure (DRURY 2013). It is helpful to calculate the selling price of the product: The firm ascertain the price of the product by adding certain amount of profit to it. The firms determine this amount based on the market price of other products. In this case, the production cost will help the company to calculate the selling price of the product so that the company can easily calculate its profit. In other words, cost of sales-cost of production= profit. Hence, product cost is very important for a concern to obtain the net profit and selling price of the product. Secondary objectives of production cost: These are related to the management and decision making system of the firm. The importance of this system is as follows: For better control: The management of the firm always tries to control the production cost of the firm because it helps the management to control the product cost efficiently. Now, the firm can easily identify its expenditure and can control it according to it (Horngren et al. 2013). It is helpful in preparing Budget: The firms maintain various types of budget either monthly or yearly basis. Production cost of the firm helps in preparing this type of budget. Now the firm can easily calculate its expenditure and by analyzing this cost, the firm can easily forecast its future expenditure. Hence, the importance of production cost can be seen in the firm. It helps in increasing the efficiency level of the product: The firms can increase its efficiency level by determining the production cost of a product. The firm can now easily compare the efficiency levels of various departments because the product costing technique provides all the relevant data, which is required to control the system. Hence, it helps the firm to increase the efficiency level of production of various departments. It helps in decision-making: The information provided by the costing system helps the management to ascertain the overhead expenditure of the product. The management can easily calculate its break-even point and contribution point by obtaining the production cost (Demski 2013). Preparation of manufacturing cost of goods: It provides the management with the information related to the total cost of production. It includes various costs, which is related to production to obtain the cost of manufacturing expenses. The basic cost of the product can be calculated by adding direct cost of material and labour referred to as prime cost. Again, the calculated prime cost is added with the expenditure of factory overhead to calculate the factory cost. Factory overhead includes all the indirect expenses of the firm. The firm must calculate work in progress before calculating the cost of sales because production is a continuous process, lot of activities remains incomplete in the production. For this purpose, it is important to calculate work in progress. It is necessary to adjust the amount of opening and closing work in progress so that the company can obtain the basic idea about the incomplete work. After calculating and adjusting all the above-mentioned cost, the company can calculate the cost of production fo r the year. Calculation of cost of goods manufactured: Particulars Raw material Add: opening balance Less: closing balance DIRECT MATERIAL Add: direct labour PRIME COST Indirect labour Factory managers salary Factory supplies Depreciation on factory building Depreciation on factory equipment Insurance cost of factory Repairs maintenance Land tax related to factory FACTORY COST Add: opening WIP Less: closing WIP COST OF GOODS SOLD Amount ($) 120,000 25,000 (24,000) 35,700 15,000 12,000 5,000 6,500 8,900 5,000 2,500 2,200 8,000 (7,500) Amount ($) 121,000 156,700 213,800 214,300 Cost of goods sold: It is prepared to calculate the total expenditure of the unit. It is quite common that the business firm cannot sell all the units at the end. Some of the finished goods left with the firm, these goods are known as closing stock. To ascertain the profit it is necessary to calculate the total cost of goods sold. Gross profit can be calculated based on the expenditure of the goods sold and income received from the sale. In other words, Cost of Goods Sold= Opening finished goods- Closing finished goods. Cost of goods sold includes the expenses related to advertisement increase in sale (Needles et al.2013). Hence, these costs are not included in the cost related to manufacturing and sales. Therefore, the expenditure on depreciation of goods related to sale, sales manager salary, and so on is deducted from the cost of schedules (Warren et al 2013). Calculation of Cost of Goods Sold: Particulars Opening finished goods Less: closing finished goods COST OF GOODS SOLD Cost of manufactured goods Less: finished goods Amount 12,500 (13,600) 214,300 (1,100) Amount (1,100) 213,200 Calculation of various types of T- Accounts: Raw material account Date 01/07 01/07 Particulars To balance brought down To accounts payable Total Amount( DR) 25,000 120,000 145,000 Date 30/06 30/06 Particulars By WIP account By balance carried down Total Amount (CR) 121,000 24,000 145,000 Work in progress account Date 01/07 01/07 Particulars To balance brought down To raw materials Total Amount (DR) 8,000 121,000 129,000 Date 30/04 30/04 Particulars By finished goods By balance carried forward Total Amount (CR) 121,500 7,500 129,000 Finished Goods account Date 01/07 01/07 Particulars To balance brought down To WIP Total Amount (DR) 12,500 121,500 134,000 Date 30/06 30/06 Particulars By cost of goods sold By balance carried forward Total Amount (CR) 120,400 13,600 134,000 Manufacturing overhead cost account Date 30/06 Particulars To bank account Total Amount (DR) 57,100 57,100 Date 01/07 Particulars By cost of goods sold Total Amount (CR) 57,100 57,100 Accounts payable account Date 30/04 30/06 Particulars To bank account To balance carried forward Total Amount (DR) 117,500 22,500 140,000 Date 01/07 Particulars By balance brought down By raw material account Total Amount (CR) 20,000 120,000 140,000 Cost of goods sold account Date 30/06 Particulars To finished goods account To direct labour cost account To manufacturing overhead account Total Amount (DR) 120,400 35,700 57,100 213,200 Date 30/06 Particulars By income statement Total Amount (CR) 213,200 213,200 Calculation of overhead cost Pre-determined overhead Actual overhead Under applied overhead cost Direct labour hours 850 Direct labour hour cost $63 Total overhead cost $53,550 ($57,100) ($3,550) Journal entry: Cost of Goods Sold account debit $3,550 Manufacturing overhead account credit $3,550 Reasons for over and under calculated overhead: The business concern needs to prepare budget to obtain better future cost. It has been observed that the amount of overhead expense is different from the budgeted amount (Needles and Crosson 2013). These differences are of two types over applied and under applied. Over applied overhead are those overhead where the actual overhead are higher than the budgeted amount, whereas, in case of under applied overhead vice versa occurs. The reason behind this is as follows: Difference in actual output level. Difference in actual unit of consumption like material, energy. Difference in actual unit of cost per unit cost of factors (Maher et al. 2012) Over consumption of different types of elements due to inefficient manufacturing process. Strong budgetary control and implementation of advanced technology (Weygandt et al. 2015) Journal entry: In case of over applied Manufacturing overhead account debit Cost of Goods Sold account credit In case of under applied Cost of Goods Sold account debit Manufacturing overhead account credit (Needles et al. 2013) Standard Costing System: It is helpful in implementing proper budgetary control over the production process. Here the opening balance of direct material is calculated based on the standard rates and units (Drury 2013). The calculated balance is adjusted with the actual expenditure incurred from the cost elements. It is helpful for the management in case any difference arises in between actual and forecasted amount. To overcome with this situation the company can make proper arrangements (Ward 2012). It is advisable for the management to choose that amount which is lower than the budgeted amount. This type of variances is called favorable variance. The owners of Seafarer Kayaks can have certain benefits if they use Standard Costing System in their concern. These are as follows: Strong control over budget. Recording the actual expenditure and budgeted expenditure by rectifying it. Identifying and analyzing the difference of variances within the financial period. Using accurate measures of operation at the starting period (Collier 2015) Conclusion: It can be conclude from the above discussion that in todays generation it is very important to maintain a correct product costing method because it helps the management to analyze the cost of the product and services. It also helps in decision-making process. Hence, it is advisable for the owners of Seafarer Kayaks to select and implement the accurate costing technique so that they can continue their manufacturing activities more efficiently in the near future. References:- Collier, P.M., 2015.Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons Demski, J., 2013.Managerial uses of accounting information. Springer Science Business Media Drury, C., 2013.Costing: an introduction. Springer DRURY, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springe Hart, J., Wilson, C. and Fergus, C., 2012.Management Accounting: Principles Applications. Pearson Higher Education AU Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Schatzberg, J.O. and Burgstahler, D., 2013.Introduction to management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning Maher, M.W., Stickney, C.P. and Weil, R.L., 2012.Managerial accounting: An introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning Needles, B.E. and Crosson, S.V., 2013.Managerial accounting. Nelson Education Needles, B.E., Powers, M. and Crosson, S.V., 2013.Financial and managerial accounting. Nelson Education. Needles, B.E., Powers, M. and Crosson, S.V., 2013.Principles of accounting. Cengage Learning Ward, K., 2012.Strategic management accounting. Routledge Warren, C.S., Reeve, J.M. and Duchac, J., 2013.Financial managerial accounting. Cengage Learning Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D. and Kieso, D.E., 2015.Financial Managerial Accounting. John Wiley Sons

Significance of Open and Distance Learning in Democratization of Education Essay Sample free essay sample

1. Choose a convenient location to get down put ining your router such as an unfastened floor infinite or tabular array. This does non necessitate to be the lasting location of the device. Particularly for radio routers. you may happen it necessary to re-position the unit after put ining it as the overseas telegrams / signals may non make all countries needed. At the beginning. its better to take a location where it’s easiest to work with the router and concern about concluding arrangement subsequently. 2. Plug in the router’s electrical power beginning. so turn on the router by forcing the power button. 3. ( Optional ) Connect your Internet modem to the router. Most web modems connect via an Ethernet overseas telegram but USB connexions are going progressively common. The overseas telegram stopper into the router doodly-squat named â€Å"WAN† or â€Å"uplink† or â€Å"Internet. † After linking the overseas telegram. be certain to power rhythm ( turn off and turn back on ) the modem to guarantee the router recognizes it. We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of Open and Distance Learning in Democratization of Education Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4. Connect one computing machine to the router. Even if the router is a wireless theoretical account. link this first computing machine to the router via a web overseas telegram. Using a overseas telegram during router installing ensures the maximal dependability of the equipment. Once a radio router installing is complete. the computing machine can be changed over to a wireless connexion if desired. 5. Open the router’s disposal tool. From the computing machine connected to the router. first unfastened your Web browser. Then enter the router’s reference for web disposal in the Web reference field and hit return to make the router’s place page. Many routers are reached by either the Web reference â€Å"http: //192. 168. 1. 1† or â€Å"http: //192. 168. 0. 1† Consult your router’s certification to find the exact reference for your theoretical account. Note that you do non necessitate a on the job Internet connexion for this measure. 6. Log in to the router. The router’s place page will inquire you for a username and watchword. Both are provided in the router’s certification. You should alter the router’s watchword for security grounds. but do this after the installing is complete to avoid unneeded complications during the basic apparatus. 7. If you want your router to link to the Internet. you must come in Internet connexion information into that subdivision of the router’s constellation ( exact location varies ) . If utilizing DSL Internet. you may necessitate to come in the PPPoE username and watchword. Likewise. if you have been issued a inactive IP reference by your supplier ( you would necessitate to hold requested it ) . the inactive IP Fieldss ( including web mask and gateway ) given to you by the supplier must besides must be set in the router. 8. If you were utilizing a primary computing machine or an older web router to link to the Internet. your supplier may necessitate you to update the MAC reference of the router with the MAC reference of the device you were utilizing antecedently. Read How to Change a MAC Address for a elaborate description of this procedure. 9. If this is a wireless router. alter the web name ( frequently called SSID ) . While the router comes to you with a web name set at the mill. you will neer desire to utilize this name on your web. Read How to Change the Router SSID for elaborate instructions. 10. Verify the web connexion is working between your one computing machine and the router. To make this. you must corroborate that the computing machine has received IP address information from the router. See How to Find IP Addresses for a description of this procedure. 11. ( If applicable ) Verify your one computing machine can link to the Internet decently. Open your Web browser and visit a few Internet sites such as hypertext transfer protocol: //compnetworking. about. com/ . 12. Connect extra computing machines to the router as needed. If linking wirelessly. guarantee the web name ( SSID ) of each is computing machine lucifers that of the router. 13. Finally. configure extra web security characteristics as desired to guard your systems against Internet aggressors. These WiFi Home Network Security Tips offer a good checklist to follow.

College Essay Sample Essays

College Essay Sample Essays College Essay Sample Essay College Essay Sample Essay Essay Topic: College application When you are planning to apply to a prestigious University or college, you may be asked to pen down a college essay which is also known as college application essay. ProfEssays. com has a team of skilled writers who can help you draft college essay sample. In such essays you are required to decide first of all the content of your essay and then you can proceed with it. It doesn’t have a format as such but it is suggested that you be precise and articulate your choice of course and college in a well organized manner so that it is conveyed to the course in charge. Graduate School Essay Sample The main worry after passing out of the high school is getting admission into a good Graduate school. But it isn’t all that easy because you are required to go through the entire selection procedure. The first step to the graduate school is to write a fine quality graduate school essay sample. These graduate essays help the University select the suitable candidates for their particular college and course. It should reflect the real you and your potential to take up the course of your interest. It should reflect your determination and seriousness for the course so that the authorities are compelled to take you in. Sample essay paper #3 (Terrorism) Sample essay #4 (World Food and Nutrition) Sample essay #5 (Environmental Policy and Law) Sample research proposal #6 (Business Research Proposal) Well Drafted Research Proposal samples At University level when you plan to take up a particular subject of study to a higher level i. e. M. Phil or PhD you are required to present a Research Paper on that particular subject or topic. Before the submission of the research paper the scholar is asked to submit a research proposal sample to the instructor/guide. This research proposal is aimed at tracing the scholars potential for the research that he/she is planning to undertake. Therefore you need to ensure strategic deployment of all your writing tools and knowledge about the topic. If you find it complicated then you can always seek professional help from our trained writers.

Celebrating Fathers Day in Japanese Culture

Celebrating Fathers Day in Japanese Culture The third Sunday in June is Fathers Day, which is known as, Chichi no hi (çˆ ¶Ã£  ®Ã¦â€" ¥) in Japanese. There are two terms that are mainly used for father in Japanese: chichi (çˆ ¶) and otousan (㠁Šçˆ ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œ). Chichi is used when referring your own father, and otousan is used when referring somebody elses father. However, otousan can be used when addressing your own father. As for mother, the terms, haha and okaasan are used, and the same rules apply. Here are some examples. Watashi no chichi wa gojussai desu. ç § Ã£  ®Ã§Ë† ¶Ã£  ¯Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¥  Ã¦ ­ ³Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š- My father is 50 years old.Anata no otousan wa gorufu ga suki desu ka. 㠁‚㠁 ªÃ£ Å¸Ã£  ®Ã£ Å Ã§Ë† ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¯Ã£â€š ´Ã£Æ' «Ã£Æ'•ã Å'Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£  Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š- Does your father like playing golf?Otousan, isshoni eiga ni ikanai? 㠁Šçˆ ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£â‚¬ Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§ ·â€™Ã£  «Ã¦Ëœ  Ã§â€ »Ã£  «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁‹ã  ªÃ£ â€ž- Dad, do you want to go to a movie with me? Papa is also used when addressing or referring to your own father and is mainly used by children. Tousan and touchan are informal ways of saying otousan. Oyaji is another informal term for father, which is mainly used by men. Papa, kore mite! ãÆ'‘ãÆ'‘〠Ã£ â€œÃ£â€šÅ'è ¦â€¹Ã£  ¦- Daddy, look at this!Boku no papa wa yakyuu ga umai n da. Ã¥Æ'•ã  ®Ã£Æ'‘ãÆ'‘㠁 ¯Ã©â€¡Å½Ã§ Æ'㠁Å'㠁†ã  ¾Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£   Ã£â‚¬â€š - My dad is good at playing baseball. Father in law is giri no chichi giri no otusan or gifu. If you are a beginner, it is fine to use otousan as father at first. If you want to learn more Japanese vocabulary for family members, try this Audio Phrasebook. Popular Gifts for Fathers Day in Japan According to a Japanese site, the top five most popular gifts for Fathers Day are alcohol, gourmet foods, fashion items, sporting goods and sweets. As for alcohol, local sake and shouchuu (an indigenous alcoholic beverage, which usually contains 25% alcohol) are especially popular. People also like to make customized labels for gifts with either the recipients name or a message. If you are curious about how to write your name in Japanese, try my, Kanji for Tattoos page. One of the most popular gourmet foods to buy for ones dad is Japanese beef, which is known as, wagyuu. Matsuzaka beef, Kobe beef and Yonezawa beef are considered to be the three top brands in Japan. They can be very expensive. The most desirable feature of wagyuu is its melt-in-your mouth texture and rich taste, which is derived from a generous amount of fat distributed throughout the meat. The beautiful pattern that the fat makes is called, shimofuri (know as marbling, in the west). Another popular item is eel (a delicacy in Japan). The traditional way to eat eel (unagi) is, kabayaki style. The eel is first glazed with a sweet soy based sauce and then grilled. Origami Gifts for Fathers Day If you are looking for a little gift idea, here is a cute shirt shaped envelope and a tie made with origami paper. You can put a message card or a little gift in it. There are step-by-step instructions as well as animated instructions on the page, so it will be easy to follow. Have fun making one for your dad! Messages for Fathers Day Here are some sample messages for Fathers Day. (1) 㠁Šçˆ ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£â‚¬ Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¤Ã£â€šâ€šÃ© â€¦Ã£  Ã£  ¾Ã£  §Ã¥Æ' Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ¦Ã£ â€šÃ£â€šÅ Ã£ Å'㠁 ¨Ã£ â€ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ½â€œÃ£  «Ã¦ °â€"を㠁 ¤Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¤Ã£  ¾Ã£  §Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¥â€¦Æ'æ °â€"㠁 §Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã£  ­Ã£â‚¬â€š Otousan, itsumo osokumade hataraite kurete arigatou.Karadani ki o tsukete itsumademo genkide ite ne. (2) çˆ ¶Ã£  ®Ã¦â€" ¥Ã£  ®Ã£Æ'â€"ãÆ' ¬Ã£â€š ¼Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'ˆã‚’è ´Ë†Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥â€"Å"ん㠁 §Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£â€šâ€°Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ¨Ã¥ ¬â€°Ã£ â€"㠁„㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ£ â€žÃ£  ¤Ã£  ¾Ã£  §Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¥â€¦Æ'æ °â€"㠁 §Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã£  ­Ã£â‚¬â€š Chichi no hi no purezento o okurimasu.Yorokonde moraeru to ureshii desu.Itsumademo genkide ite ne. (3) ä »Å Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã£  ®Ã§Ë† ¶Ã£  ®Ã¦â€" ¥Ã£  ¯Ã£  ªÃ£  «Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ´Ë†Ã£â€š Ã£ â€ Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬ Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€Ã£  Ã¦â€š ©Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£   Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ©Ã£â‚¬ Ã£ Å Ã§Ë† ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ®Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£  Ã£  ªÃ£Æ' ¯Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ´Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  «Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚åâ€"Å"ん㠁 §Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£â€šâ€°Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ¨Ã£ â€ Ã£â€šÅ'㠁â€"㠁„㠁 ªÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ£ â€šÃ£â‚¬ Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‚é £ ²Ã£  ¿Ã© Å½Ã£ Å½Ã£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£  ­Ã£â‚¬â€š Kotoshi no chichi no hi wa nani o okurou ka, sugoku nayanda kedo,otousan no sukina wain o okuru koto ni shimashita.Yorokonde morraeru to ureshii na.A, kureguremo nomisuginaide ne. (4) 㠁Šçˆ ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£â‚¬ Ã¥â€¦Æ'æ °â€"㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£ â€œÃ£â€šÅ'㠁‹ã‚‰ã‚‚㠁Šæ ¯ Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¨Ã¤ » ²Ã¨â€° ¯Ã£  Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã£  Ã£   Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š Otousan, genki desu ka.Korekaramo okaasan to nakayoku shite kudasai. (5) 㠁Šçˆ ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£â‚¬ Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¤Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ â€šÃ£â€šÅ Ã£ Å'㠁 ¨Ã£ â€ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥ ® ¶Ã¦â€" Ã£  «Ã£â€šâ€žÃ£ â€¢Ã£ â€"㠁„㠁Šçˆ ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ®Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£â‚¬ Ã£  ¿Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ªÃ¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£  Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¦â€" ¥Ã©  Æ'㠁 ®Ã¦â€žÅ¸Ã¨ ¬ Ã£  ®Ã¦ °â€"æÅ' Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ¾ ¼Ã£â€š Ã£  ¦Ã§Ë† ¶Ã£  ®Ã¦â€" ¥Ã£  ®Ã£Æ'â€"ãÆ' ¬Ã£â€š ¼Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'ˆã‚’è ´Ë†Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ£ â€žÃ£  ¤Ã£  ¾Ã£  §Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¥â€¦Æ'æ °â€"㠁 §Ã£  ­Ã£â‚¬â€š Otousan, itsumo arigatou.Kazoku ni yasashii otousan no koto, minna daisuki desu.Higoro no kansha no kimochi o komete chichi no hi no purezento o okurimasu.Itsumademo genki de ne. (6) 㠁„㠁 Ã£  ¤Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£â€š «Ã£Æ'Æ'ã‚ ³Ã£â€š ¤Ã£â€š ¤Ã£ Å Ã§Ë† ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ£ â€œÃ£â€šÅ'㠁‹ã‚‰ã‚‚〠Ã£ Å Ã£ â€"ã‚Æ'ã‚Å'㠁 §Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã£  Ã£   Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ »â€¢Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ Å'ん㠁 °Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£  ­Ã£â‚¬â€š Ikutsu ni nattemo kakkoii otousan.Korekaramo, oshare de ite kudasai.Shigoto mo ganbatte ne.

HR Oursoursment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HR Oursoursment - Essay Example It is evident from the research that Business Transformation Outsourcing (BTO) is an emerging segment, which focuses on improving the effectiveness of an entire corporate function like the HR, according to Sako and Tierney. The rationale is to outsource administrative tasks leaving the personnel to focus on strategy formulation using their competencies and to experience greater flexibility in allocating resources, and greater cost efficiencies but Khatri and Budhwar cite many scholars who argue that human resource can be a source of sustainable competitive advantage for an organization. This argument suggests that all functions related to human resources should be dealt in-house. The line managers have assumed key positions thereby demonstrating a shift in the roles and responsibilities. This has been caused due to downsizing and devolution of responsibilities. The line managers are hence in a position to influence both strategic and operational organizational priorities. Added to th is are introduction of sophisticated software and the development of smart computer systems, which have further reduced the workload on the HR freeing the key personnel to concentrate on the change agent and strategic partner roles. The line managers are not competent in HR work and need to regularly reflect and be critical about their work. They attempt to increase the speed of decision making by wanting to by-pass procedures, which demonstrates that HR should not be outsourced but the HR functions should be expanded.

Higher Education in England Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Higher Education in England - Term Paper Example Higher Education Institutions make significant contributions to the local economy, directly through the labor market and, indirectly, through student spending in the community, and also contribute to the social and cultural life of their regions through support for minority communities, theatre, cinema, and the arts. The higher education sector consists of some 170 institutions catering to a rich diversity of students from both local as well as overseas. The student body is growing in size and character with an increase of over 39% between 1995 and 2003 to a current total of 2.2 million students. Such growth is unprecedented and has been managed against a steadily declining unit of resource for teaching which only leveled off in 2002. Unprecedented increases in the teaching function have presented universities with a range of financial and academic challenges during the last decade and have stimulated widespread curriculum renewal, new modes of teaching and learning, and significant investment in the professional development of all categories of staff. The most recent challenge with respect to students will be the introduction from 2006 of differential fees for full-time students from the European Union. This is likely to stimulate an even more customer and client-responsive culture in the sector. Even so, some institutions and courses make a loss on every student they teach; hence cross-subsidy is necessary and much teaching and research have been at the expense of investment in infrastructure. Margins across the sector are paper thin. Many of the students now entering the English universities come from family backgrounds and geographical regions which have been traditionally under-represented in higher education. Despite the increasing and more diverse student population course completion rates continue to be high and record numbers graduate with a gradient of awards from foundation to doctoral levels. England completion rates are amongst the highest in the world Universities derive their income from a number of sources with the bulk coming from the Funding Councils (39%) and grants from the UK Research Councils (17%).  

Technological developments Essay Example for Free

Technological developments Essay Football boots are light weight and are made of such materials as kangaroo leather. Most top level players have sock-liners which fit with the contours of foot to provide extra comfort and strategically-placed traction blades provide maximum grip. Football boots help with a player grip, acceleration and turning ability. Footballs have had technological advancements such as having air retention system, being high density and having a high abrasion surface which provides extra durability. The match balls played with in the premiership is precision engineered to exact standards to ensure that it is produced to within 3g of its ideal weight and to an exact circumference of 68. 5cm. The benefits of the newer footballs are the increased swerve that the ball offers and a better accuracy of passing. Gloves The latest pair of reusch goalie gloves helps to prevent injury to the goalies hands through reusch Ortho-Tec glove which provides protection for vulnerable areas of the hand. The gloves upper hand is reinforced in a way that the fingers including the thumb are braced against forces occurring during a balls impact. The system not only prevents injuries, it is also suitable to disburden and protect an injury already sustained. Gloves have also been adapted to different weather conditions as well; gloves are made from soft latex foam with excellent properties for use in various weather conditions. Goalie gloves benefit the goalie by mainly by providing extra grip and power. Shirts The material design of footballs shirts have improved to provide better comfort. The new Manchester United kit incorporates Nikes new dri-fit technology. Dri wit wicks sweat away so that the player stays dry and comfortable. It also has strategically placed mesh panels that promote air cooling where heat is most generated. Facility design features and benefits Retractable roof The millennium stadium in Cardiff has a retractable roof which means that the roof can be closed if the weather forecast predicts heavy rain. This benefits the game itself and the fans. It saves the fans from getting soaked and it saves the players having to slosh around in mud. Mostly cup finals are played at the Millennium stadium and the fans wish the game to be viewed on a nice good to firm ground not a wet one. Undersoil heating Is valuable asset and a must for all big football clubs. It can allow a team to play or train on a pitch that the weather would otherwise have made unusable or it can generally soften up the ground for training purposes. Astroturf pitches For training purposes Astroturf is of benefit to players because Astroturf is all weather, meaning that when the players unable to play on their training pitch die to water logging they can go and train on the Astroturf pitch instead. Video Analysis Andy Gray is probably the most renowned broadcast analyst in the football industry. He has a 30 minute slot after most live sky matches in which he practically dissects the game explaining the reasons goals were score and analysing player performance. Racquets Tennis has changed drastically since the huge investment in technological advancements the main one being the racquets. They now look completely different to those of 20 years ago, they are now lighter, and have larger faces and shorter shafts. This has created a larger sweet spot and has encouraged players to increase their power. By increasing power to a phenomenal level the game is often much shorter as the serve can kill a game off. This is mainly because the way in which the rackets have been made. This has made tennis players adjust everything about their game, from positioning, this is now further back for the serve, to two-handed return to try and increase power. The player now trains more on power based activity service technique. Trainers Tennis shoes have changed greatly over the years. Reebok have recently developed the DMX technology. This is a sole that claims to reduce the stress on the legs and heels when running; it does this by shifting the force of the impact across a wider area on the foot. This material is also light and so is easy to run in and can help to improve performance. Another company big among tennis players is New Balance who also have their own suspension system. This consists of various different parts of a sole that all work together to reduce the impact on the foot as well as stability in the way that it reduces rolling of the foot as well as over pronation. New Balance also have a brand, called Abzorb SBS, it has been developed so that when impact with the ground has been made the technology displaces the energy over the whole foot. Asics developed gel technology in their trainers nearly 20 years ago and it is still in their trainers today, the silicon gel attenuates the shock made on impact and works in conjunction with the lateral rear foot flex grooves within the sole to improve comfort. Tennis Balls There are different types of tennis balls depending on what surface the game is played on. Some balls are designed for hardcourt and grass, while others are designed for clay courts. The ball can vary by about 1/8 of an inch in size and 1/16th of an ounce in weight. Its rebound height can vary almost 10%. The stiffness, defined by the deformation under pressure, can vary over 5%. The benefits of the different types of tennis balls are that a player can choose a set of tennis balls depending on his style of play or the type of court he is playing on. Shirts Top players such as Raphael Nadal are sponsored to wear Nikes dri-fit range of shirts. This shirt has all the benefits that I described earlier regarding those in football who dri-fit. Other benefits of the shirts are that they have the seams sewn flat to eliminate chafing. Facility design features and benefits Fast Dry Courts Whats new is that todays courts are being watered from underneath. This changes a lot of things, not the least of which is the way fast dry courts play. The benefit of the fast dry court is that it allows players to play when they would otherwise not be able to. These types of dry court surfaces dont get saturated with water and water is not allowed to seep into the base material. Cyclops Cyclops technology helps tennis umpires by emitting a loud beep when a ball lands outside the service area. This helps the umpire with important decisions that could decide big matches such as Wimbledon or the Davis cup. Hawkeye Hawkeye is being tested at the moment before being used in all 4 majors. It has been used in the Australian open where it helps the umpire to make line calls. The benefits to tennis is that if accurate hawkeye will give us a fair tennis result there will be no more John McEnroes I dont believe it just a fair accurate result. PRM PRM has been developed by IBM to help the players and coaches plan their tactics for the tournament. Vital match data is gathered by courtside experts and fed instantly via powerful IBM servers to coaches and players in formats suited to their specific needs. With this data to hand, they can iron out their game, or use it to find weaknesses in their next opponents, which makes for better games. Compare the benefits of technological developments on equipment and facility design in two contrasting sports

Modern and Classic Examples of Chaos :: essays research papers

The Crucible by Arthur Miller was set in one of the most chaotic times in American history but not the last. In the 1950’s a similar haze of disarray fell on the people of America, in a period referred to as The Great American Red Scare. Like in The Crucible many were pressed and pressured to give names of the involved, whether it be witchcraft or â€Å"communist dealings†. Even highly respected of both societies were tried for a mere mentioning of there name. Then those who wouldn’t admit to the crime of which they were accused they were thrown in jail. In The Crucible Tituba and the girls were so afraid that they will be punished severely by the church that they start to give the names of people they "supposedly" saw with the Devil. In actuality, they may not have even seen any of these people with the Devil. But, it is their fear of the church's retribution that persuades them to give these names. And because they give these names, chaos in the town breaks out and all of the people are called in for questioning about whether or not they have â€Å"made compacts with the Devil.† During the Red Scare members or former of the American communist party were questioned and threatened til they gave names of other members and so forth, just as with the girls calling out names. In the 1950’s those who were merely refer to in a trial were brought in for questioning for un-American activities. The government was so afraid of the communist over throwing the government they took extreme measures to secure the nation. There was no such security, it sparked fear and caused chaos through the nation. Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurse were arrested after the girls cried out in The Crucible. These two women are highly respected throughout the town. However, it only took the mentioning of their names for Danforth to think badly about them, and even go so far as to arrest them. Many people know that these two women are church-going, up-right women. This depicts the fear and chaos that has broken out in Salem. People are being arrested that should not be. In the second act of The Crucible, Giles refuses to give the name of the person who told him that Putnam is accusing people so that he can get their land. Modern and Classic Examples of Chaos :: essays research papers The Crucible by Arthur Miller was set in one of the most chaotic times in American history but not the last. In the 1950’s a similar haze of disarray fell on the people of America, in a period referred to as The Great American Red Scare. Like in The Crucible many were pressed and pressured to give names of the involved, whether it be witchcraft or â€Å"communist dealings†. Even highly respected of both societies were tried for a mere mentioning of there name. Then those who wouldn’t admit to the crime of which they were accused they were thrown in jail. In The Crucible Tituba and the girls were so afraid that they will be punished severely by the church that they start to give the names of people they "supposedly" saw with the Devil. In actuality, they may not have even seen any of these people with the Devil. But, it is their fear of the church's retribution that persuades them to give these names. And because they give these names, chaos in the town breaks out and all of the people are called in for questioning about whether or not they have â€Å"made compacts with the Devil.† During the Red Scare members or former of the American communist party were questioned and threatened til they gave names of other members and so forth, just as with the girls calling out names. In the 1950’s those who were merely refer to in a trial were brought in for questioning for un-American activities. The government was so afraid of the communist over throwing the government they took extreme measures to secure the nation. There was no such security, it sparked fear and caused chaos through the nation. Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurse were arrested after the girls cried out in The Crucible. These two women are highly respected throughout the town. However, it only took the mentioning of their names for Danforth to think badly about them, and even go so far as to arrest them. Many people know that these two women are church-going, up-right women. This depicts the fear and chaos that has broken out in Salem. People are being arrested that should not be. In the second act of The Crucible, Giles refuses to give the name of the person who told him that Putnam is accusing people so that he can get their land.

Indian Beer Industry – Oligopoly

Economies of scale: The increase in  efficiency of production  as the number of goods  being produced increases. Government policies: restrictions on advertising leading to surrogate ADVT. , polic ies which make it difficult for expansion of companies. Access to distribution channels: cost of distribution in this industry needs to be looked at logically. If firms in this industry carries significant costs from distribution which are then reflected in their prices to customers, the customers will choose the competition.Suppliers product differentiation/ SWITCHING COSTS OF BUYERS: the development of new products that may create a new demand or create repeat customers is always a key success when in a competition. Exit barriers: Typical barriers to exit include highly specialized assets, which may be difficult to sell or relocate, huge exit costs, such as asset write-offs and closure costs, and inter-related businesses, making it infeasible to sell a part of it. Another common bar rier to exit is loss of customer goodwill. Buyers switching costs: n order to remain competitive, companies in this sector must make their products readily available and accessible to their customers or they will go with the competition. Advertising: when everyone’s advertising in the industry is d same, its easy for companies to get lost in the mix. However by staying on top wid interesting and new ways to promote a product, people remember that product better. Importance of a specific product to a customer: An imp competitive advantage that ensures that customers will be less likely to switch to another company for a similar product. BUYERS USE OF MULTIPLE SOURCES: urchasers regarding the selection of suppliers (sources), e. g. the use of a single or two or more (multiple) sources. {Considers the justification of either method in the context of reducing the uncertainty (risk) of a particular purchase. Illustrates the marketers view of sourcing and the differing sales tactic s employed according to the suppliers' preferences. Concludes that purchasers should examine uncertainty buying-selling situations (UBSS) objectively with regard to their own organizations' need criteria, e. g. cost and timeliness, this determining the relevant sourcing policy}.Demand and supply curve: demand for beer increases at all prices 1. Initially in equilibrium with P1 and Q1. 2. A non-price determinant of demand (availability of complement goods) has changed: the demand curve shifts out from D0 to D1 At the initial price level there is excess demand with quantity demanded rising above the quantity suppliers are willing to supply at price P1 (? 2. 50) 3. The market price responds to excess demand by increasing. This causes demand to contract again (movement back up the demand curve), but also supply to expand (movement down the supply curve) 4.The new equilibrium is reached where supply and demand are equal at the higher price P2 (? 3) and Q2 (50 bottles) One of the reasons for higher sales of beer in South-India is the hot and humid climate for around 10 months. Due to this people consume beer all throughout the year increasing the volumes. As the figures suggest, thehot states contribute most to the revenues generated from the beer sales. (See Exhibit 15) . Hence we conclude that the overall market in India is highly diverse and for each region different strategy needs to be employed.

Pollution in Vellore

CASE STUDY ON POLLUTION IN VELLORE: SOURCES AND MEASURES TO CHECK IT. SOURCES AND METHODS TO REDUCE POLLUTION IN VELLORE Shraddha Sahu and Akshay Ahuja B. tech- Electronics and communication Engg. , SENSE, VIT UNIVERSITY, Vellore, Tamil Nadu – 632014 Email id- shraddha. [email  protected] ac. in ABSTRACT: Vellore, also known as ‘fort city’ and a historical destination in southernmost India , is one of the fastest growing cities. This city is a hub for leather industries, chemical industries as well as automobile and mechanical industries.It ranks 8 in the most polluted cities on the survey conducted by The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in conjunction with IIT-Delhi. The observation of pollution in this city was conducted with an aim to study the sources of pollution in the city and measures to control it. The observation of pollution was done by roaming around in the city between chittoor bus stand to new bus stand. The rapid industrial growth is respon sible for the pollution. KEYWORDS: Historical destination, conjuction, pollution. INTRODUCTION: Since the industrial revolution the world has witnessed the rapid expansion of its cities.For years humans have been flocking to these urban centres in search of jobs, commodities, entertainment and other phenomenathat can commonly be found in cities. [1] Pollution of Environment or environmental pollution means making the environment foul. Our environment means the surrounding of our house where we live, the surrounding of our village where we live or the surrounding of our town or city where we live. If our surrounding gets polluted we suffer from many kinds of disease and sickness. If our surrounding gets highly polluted, our life gets endangered. [2] Modern evelopment processes, especially industrialization, have come in for a great deal of criticism for their utter disregard for the environment. Trash and garbage is a common sight in urban and rural areas of India. It is a major sour ce of pollution. [3] Street corners are piled with trash. Public places and sidewalks are despoiled with filth and litter, rivers and canals act as garbage dumps. [4] Air pollution  is a serious issue with the major sources being fuelwood and biomass burning, fuel adulteration, vehicle emission and traffic congestion. [5] In urban areas, vehicle emissions are another source of air pollution.Vehicle emissions are worsened by fuel adulteration and poor fuel combustion effi    ciencies from traffic congestion and low density of quality, high speed  road network  per 1000 people.. [6] Rapid urbanization during the recent decades has given rise to a number of environmental problems such as water supply, waste water generation and its collection, treatment and disposal. Vellore city which came up on the bank of palar river have not given a proper thought to the problems of wastewater, sewerage etc. In urban areas, the wastewater is let out untreated and causes large scale water po llution. [7] METHODOLOGY:To find out the source of the pollution and think over the measures to control it the region between chittoor bus stand and new bus stand of vellore city was selected as the locale for this study. The observation of the pollution was carried out by roaming around the streets. Photographs were taken out and normal discussion of source of pollution was done with local people. The local people were asked about the difficulties they face due to the pollution and how can we overcome this from their point of view. Use of internet and e-books were taken to study more about this problem and to check it. RESULT:From the above study we came to know that the pollution in vellore city is no more different from other cities. The common sites seen were roadside garbage dumping, unhygienic area around water sources, air pollution due to emission of gases by vehicles, accumulation of solid waste and poor sanitation. This problem is common to almost every city in India. The common traditional known sources of air pollution are power plants, industries, road dust, construction work, garbage burning, vehicle exhaust and domestic fuels. The sources of land pollution are garbage dumping and improper disposal of solid waste.The sources of water pollution are sewage discharge from industries, poor sanitation, disposal of waste in water sources and religious sources. DISCUSSIONS AND FINDINGS: The important landmarks that come between old chittoor bus stand of vellore to new bus stand of vellore are Pillayar koil, thiru nagar, silk mill, gandhinagar, doordarshan, virthumpet and new bridge road over the palar river. Problems related to city: Use of tetrapacks, plastic plates, cups and bags, tin cans and similar throw-away items has increased in the last decade.Lack of proper waste collection, segregation and management systems and poor sanitary conditions are aggravating health problems. The reason for the contamination of the ground water in Vellore is because the tanneries are dumping their effluents into city’s lifeline—the Palar River. All the tanneries here from Vaniampadi to Ranipet dump their effluents into the river. [8] Problem related to palar river bed: The Palar River bed is dry most of the year because it is a seasonal river. It stirs to life every year during the monsoon. When the river is devoid of water the riverbed is quarried for its 15 feet of sand.Palar is the primary source of drinking water for the residents of Vellore. But those who live in this city made famous by the super speciality hospital, Christian Medical College, say that the clear water of Palar has turned into blood red. A local environment group, Pasumai Thayagam, affirms that the red toxic water has destroyed sources of potable drinking water in various localities of Vellore like Ambur, Vaniampadi and Ranipet. Measures taken by government to check pollution in vellore: Exnora Green Cross, supported by UNICEF, initiated a pilot project on s olid waste management in a ward of Vellore municipality in 2000.ZWM [Zero Waste Management] is a system of managing solid wastes that strives for maximum waste recovery through recycling and reuse, aiming at zero waste generation. †¢ It minimizes pollution of ground water and air by doing away with disposal of wastes at dumpsites and land? lls. †¢ Zero waste management integrates the informal recycling sector (ragpickers and waste collectors) into the solid waste management system providing opportunities for income generation. Possible measures that can be taken: 1. Conversion of waste paper into pepwood: Conversion of waste paper into pulp articles is an old art.We can reduce garbage by recycling the waste paper in a decentralized manner. It will help in prevention of burning of waste paper & ? lthy sights. Women/SHG members/unemployed youths/after receiving thorough training can undertake this activity. 2. Liquid Waste Management through Root Zone Treatment: Under the li quid waste management practices at community level, the waste water from toilets is being treated naturally through â€Å"Root Zone Treatment Method (Natural plant based system)†. The treated water (5500 liter per day for 50 person’s occupancy) is recycled for toilet flushing and landscaping purposes. . Eco Friendly plastic fuel [Conversion of waste plastic into liquid hydrocarbons/ energy]: Prof. Mrs. Alka Umesh Zadgaonkar, Head of Department of Applied Chemistry at the Nagpur based G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering, invented an Environment friendly catalyticadditive process for disposal of waste plastic. The invented process involves degradation of waste plastic using `catalytic-additive’ and is different from the generally existing pyrolytic processes. The products obtained in the process are Liquid hydrocarbons, Gas and residual Coke.It is a major breakthrough in the arena of non-conventional sources of energy! 4. Black water management from community toi let: EXNORA International Chennai, through its unit in Tiruchi District, has taken up construction of Decentralized Waste Water Treatment System (DEWATS), which is ideally suited for small colonies, apartments, slum areas etc. Salient features: †¢ Decentralized treatment of black water. †¢ Reuse of treated water for raising trees, vegetables. †¢ Use of biogas for cooking and lighting. †¢ No Electricity or chemical is used for treatment. Very easy for operation and maintenance since it does not have hazardous or complicated machinery. CONCLUSION: Urbanisation brings prosperity but at the same time creates environmental problems like pollution, accumulation of solid waste and poor sanitation. . In this context, solid waste management is an area of challenge and of innovation for urban planners and city corporations. A zero waste management (ZWM) project by NGO Exnora Green Cross, initially piloted with UNICEF, in Tamil Nadu’s Vellore district is an example o f a successful solid waste management programme and its bene? s. REFERENCES: 1. â€Å"The little green data book†. The world bank. 2010. 2. â€Å"Environment assessment, Country data: India† , The world bank. 2011. 3. Radhakanta Swain, Essay. 4. â€Å"Drowning in a sea of garbage†, New York times. April 2010. 5. Atmanand et al. (2009). â€Å"Energy and Sustainable Development-An Indian Perspective†. World Academy of Science. 6. â€Å"Urban air pollution, catching gasoline and diesel adulteration†. World bank 2002. 7. Krishnakumar Asha, 1995. Streams of poison. 8. V. K. Shashikumar, Tehelka magazine, 16 july 2005

The Life and Legacy of John Wesley

The Life and Legacy of John Wesley Abstract John Wesley is a renowned historical figure. His contribution to the revival of Christian churches in remarkable. Although part of his life was spent doing charitable and pious activities zealously, his zeal was not based on knowledge. He still had an emptiness that needed to be filled by the true joy which comes after putting one’s faith in Jesus Christ.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Life and Legacy of John Wesley specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wesley’s early life was characterized by fear but this changed after his conversion. He became supernaturally bold such that even violence would not deter him from preaching the word. His legacy as an epitome of a true minister of the gospel lives on. Introduction Many historical figures are remembered for their contribution in church history. John Wesley is one of the people whose contribution in the formation of evangelical churches i s remarkable. His passion for preaching, coupled with his courage enabled him to preach the gospel fearlessly amidst much persecution. This paper shall explore the life and legacy of John Wesley. The lessons that can be learnt from his life shall also be outlined. Thesis statement There have been many great leaders in the history of mankind in general and in the Christian history in particular. John Wesley is one of such leaders, who have had a significant impact on the church. Wesley was not like any other minister of the gospel but he was a courageous and spirit-filled minister of the gospel who preached under the anointing of the Holy Spirit, impacting millions of people. This paper explores the life of john Wesley, from the time he was still unconverted to the time he became a Christian. His journey in Christianity as a minister of the gospel is discussed. Early Years John Wesley was born in 1703, in Epworth. His parents were Samuel and Susan Wesley. His was a large family of ni neteen children and he was the fifteenth child. His father had grown up in a religious family and worked as a priest in their village.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Both the grandfather and great grandfather of Wesley were religious men and suffered a lot because of their faith. They were constantly rejected while their fellow brethren faced a lot of persecution. Wesley’s background was therefore one that nurtured him to be a disciplined and God fearing person. When he was 27 years, Wesley joined up with his brother called Charles to form a group comprised of students. The group was supposed to be a source of encouragement to one another in matters of growth towards holiness. They were involved in charitable works such as visiting those in prison and helping the poor in the society. To aid in their mission of growth towards holiness, the group met regularly for prayer and reading of the bible. The group was ridiculed by the rest of the students who even gave them the nickname ‘holy club’. Although Wesley was engaged in such pious activities and which seemed to have a show of spirituality, he remained unconverted4. He continued with his good works, trying to win the approval of God through them but deep inside, he knew that this would not help him. He was zealous in what he was doing but the zeal was based on ignorance. Deep in his heart, he went through extensive periods of guilt and felt very inadequate in what he was doing. He also suffered a lot because of the fear of death that he had. Wesley’s Conversion When he was 32 years old, he accompanied his brother on a trip to Georgia, USA. The trip was meant for evangelism, with the Indians being the main target. They traveled by ship. The sail was however not a smooth one because they were hit by a storm along the way. The storm was very fierce such that parts of th eir ship were destroyed. Wesley was so scared and thought that his life was going to end there. Compared to the rest of the Moravian missionaries, Wesley was the only one who lacked the peace of God. The rest were calm and he wondered how they could remain so peaceful in the middle of such a storm. Wesley has not been born again like the rest and therefore did not have the supernatural peace that one gets after being converted. He immediately knew that he needed what these missionaries had.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Life and Legacy of John Wesley specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, he did not accept to be converted immediately. He continued with his missionary trips to India for two years, which bore no fruits. This is when Wesley realized that he too needed to be converted just like the Indians he was evangelizing to. At the age of 35, Wesley attended a meeting in London which impacted on h is life greatly. By that time, he had been serving as an Anglican priest. The message that transformed his life was read by Luther, who explained about the resultant change that happens when a person puts their faith in Jesus Christ. His life was immediately transformed when he realized that Jesus Christ had forgiven him his sins and saved him from the consequences of it. As he left the meeting, Wesley felt that his life was changed and he was a new man. He discovered that a person who has been in self-justification for long had a greater joy once they were freed from this bondage and experienced the surpassing joy of knowing Jesus as Lord and Savior. From this time henceforth, Wesley’s sermons were made under the power of the Holy Spirit and his ministry was completely transformed. An example of such a sermon is the Bristol sermon which transformed the path followed by the English history4. Wesley’s Legacy John Wesley had numerous distinguishing qualities. His passion for preaching is one of them. He believed that this ought to be the priority of any servant of God. An example of how passionate he was about preaching was when he ministered in Bristol in 1739. According to Green, Wesley gave three sermons, the first to a congregation of around 1000 people in one day1. He preached the second sermon to around 1500 people and the last one to over 5000 people. The same was duplicated two days later when he went to Bath. All the sermons were delivered without microphones but the only tool he used was his voice.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another thing that is worth noting about Wesley is the presence of God’s power whenever he ministered2. Although he considered himself an average preacher, the move of the Holy Spirit was always evident in his preaching sessions. Wesley would say that it was not uncommon for people present in his meeting to weep uncontrollably and even be unable to stand on their feet, as they called upon God. Wesley further says that this phenomenon had nothing to do with him because he had no ability or power to make people react in such a way but he attributed all that to God’s supernatural power. Wesley is also noted because of his extraordinary courage. He was known not to fear any man. He attributed his courage to God’s anointing upon his life. Despite the numerous persecutions and hardships he faced while trying to reach out to the people using the word of God, Wesley never gave. He got so used to being jeered, stoned and even to dirt being thrown at him whenever he went to preach, to an extent that it never bothered him anymore. In some places, the attacks were so fierce such that bulls and horsemen rode through the crowds as Wesley preached. Gangs also organized themselves and used clubs and other assorted weapons to attack Wesley and his people but this never deterred them from moving on3. This kind of courage can be contrasted with his fear he exhibited during the storm before conversion. Wesley’s courage is something that he acquired immediately after his conversion. This can be explained by an incident that happened when he returned to his home town after conversion but was denied the permission to preach because of his zeal. This did not deter him because he used the grave of his father, which was built next to the church, as a platform to preach to people. Wesley was a staunch Anglican. He shied away from the idea of starting a new church. This impaired his ministry because the structure of the Anglican Church did not accommodate his anointing. After his death, there was a breaking away of his members to form another church that would accommodate their way of ministry. Wesley, together with his brother Charles, composed several hymns dealing with the perfection of Christians and the amazing grace of Jesus once one has been saved. Hymn singing in churches was largely advocated for by Wesley and his brother Charles. Lessons from Wesley’s Life The importance of bringing up children in a godly way can be learnt through Wesley’s upbringing. Nurturing one’s children in a pious way could mean nurturing great leader who is going to impact on the world is a mighty way, like Wesley did. Another lesson is that God can choose to keep a person in periods of unbelief temporarily in order to reveal to them the greater joy of believing in Jesus Christ once they are converted. After his conversion, Wesley saw that self justification led to misery and only justification through faith in Jesus Christ resulted into lasting joy. The life of Wesley also teaches Christians about the importance and benefits of preaching the word of God under the power and the anointing of the Holy Spirit3. From Wesley’s ministry, one can learn the fruitfulness of doing this. His life can also be a lesson that God can still use the unmarried to spread his word. Wesley remained single until he was 47 years, when he married. However, his marriage did not last for long because he was unable to dedicate his life to building up his marriage. This led to a separation. Conclusion John Wesley can be described as a hero of the Christian faith. Although it took him a long time to be converted, the duration he remained in ministry before his death had a significant impact in England specifically, and in the world as a whole. Wesley is notable for his enthusiasm in preaching the word of God, preaching under the anointing of the Holy Spirit and also for his unfailing courage. This courage was acquired after his conv ersion because prior to this, he was a cowardly man. He is a perfect model of a faithful minister of the gospel and his legacy lives on, years after his death. Reference List Green, Michael. 1970. Evangelism in the Early Church. London: Hodder and Stoughton. Piper, John. 1990. The Supremacy of God in Preaching. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House. Richard, Hannula. 1999. Trial and Triumph. Nashville: Cannon Press. Stewart, James. 1946. Preaching. London: English University Press Ltd. Footnotes Stewart, James. 1946. Preaching. London: English University Press Ltd. Green, Michael. 1970. Evangelism in the Early Church. London: Hodder and Stoughton. Stewart, James. 1946. Preaching. London: English University Press Ltd. Piper, John. 1990. The Supremacy of God in Preaching. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House. Richard, Hannula. 1999. Trial and Triumph. Nashville: Cannon Press. Richard, Hannula. 1999. Trial and Triumph. Nashville: Cannon Press.

The Stolen Party Term Paper

The Stolen Party Term Paper The Stolen Party Term Paper The Stolen Party Term PaperWell, the term is coming to the end and your teacher says over again that you have to prepare The Stolen Party term paper. The task seems to be overcomplicated to you, that is why you put it off all the time. But actually, all you need to start working on The Stolen Party term paper is forget about your fear for difficulties and find a good idea. In this article, some catchy ideas to develop in The Stolen Party term paper are presented. So, take advantage of them. In addition, you may surf our blog for free essay samples such as essay term paper on doing business in China and police performance term paper written by professional term paper writers for free!The Stolen Party term paper: Idea #1. Rosauras Dreams and RealityIn The Stolen Party, Rosaura, the main character of the novel, dreams a lot. However, her dreams are shattered by the bitter reality. In order to develop this idea in The Stolen Party term paper, give some examples from the text of how R osauras mother made her come back to earth and damaged the idea of improving herself. The Stolen Party term paper: Idea # 2. A Life Lesson in the StoryIn The Stolen Party, the main character becomes a victim of a class structure that keeps rich people on the top and poor at the bottom of society. Rosaura learns an important and traumatic for her lesson about life. What was the cause of such a deduction of Rosaura? Tell more about it in your The Stolen Party term paper. The Stolen Party term paper: Idea # 3. Pettiness of Wealthy People in the NovelPeople use to say that money spoil them. How does Liliana Heker depict wealthy people in her book The Stolen Party? This is what you have to talk about in The Stolen Party term paper. Why wealthy people are that cynical, petty, and miserable as Heker depicts them in the novel? Express your point of view on it in The Stolen Party term paper. The Stolen Party term paper: Idea # 4. A Two-Class Society in the NovelThis topic does not seem to be difficult as you do not have to make fresh conclusions on the novel and its main idea. All you have to do to write The Stolen Party term paper on this subject is to represent Hekers idea of how society at those times was categorized. Also, in The Stolen Party term paper, try to guess Hekers attitude to such a division.Do not wait until inspiration comes to you. Start writing at least anything, and a good paper will take a shape soon.

Cellular pathology Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cellular pathology - Personal Statement Example ence I obtained from King Abdul Aziz Hospital, I have confidence that I possess the necessary skills that form the basis for a career in medical diagnostics specifically cellular pathology. I have knowledge about the process of collecting samples from the patients and protecting them from contamination before commencing diagnostic procedures. At King Abdul Aziz Hospital, I had a comprehensive exposure and practice on the process of slide preparation and observation through medical microscopes. The laboratory department at the hospital analyzed both slides prepared from tissues and cells derived from body fluids (Hanon-Fletcher & Maxwell 43). The experience at King Abdul Aziz hospital inspired me to pursue a degree in biomedical science. This saw me relocate to UK where I am almost actualizing my aspiration. In UK, I have been going through a thorough training on laboratory techniques. The practical sessions had particular interest in diagnostics through cellular analysis. A major area am currently well conversant with is cancer diagnosis and it forms my primary reason for the interest in pursuing cellular pathology at West of England University. In addition, the course equipped me on how to obtain and handle pathological specimens for cellular analysis. My desire in life is to develop diagnostic procedures that are efficient and fast. Diagnostic procedures that are in use currently are not favorable to patients due to long waits. I would like to see patients get their results instantly and accurately. Cellular pathology looks at the origin of a disease at the cell level as opposed to the symptomatic diagnosis employed by most laboratories today. In the pursuit of my desire, undertaking my cellular pathology studies at the University will help me acquire the knowledge and skills for actualizing my desire. Knowing the basis of a condition in time is a prerequisite for managing the disease. Cellular pathology is the way to go as it gives the most accurate results

High Line Park NYC Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

High Line Park NYC - Assignment Example The High Line Park of New York is a prominent example, where Jacobs’s viewpoint appears to have been very effective and influential. Discussion Jane Jacobs, in her famous work The Death and Life of Great American Cities, attacked the contemporary theory of urban planning based on modernist view and furnished reasoned criticisms against the works of the renowned planners like Robert Moses who were pressing ahead with their rationalized urban planning schemes for different American cities. Jacobs’s works gained attention and credibility due to her approach that involved credible analytics to deal with the urban economic cultures of Western world. A technical point that Jacobs focused on was the analyses of contemporary federal incentives and investments in the real estate sector. Contextual to this economic view of exploiting analytical data over investment patterns and government schemes, Jacobs further remarks, â€Å"The power to destroy which is possessed by authority over credit or by management of credit is negative: it is the power to withhold credit† (Jacobs, 295). In this way, Jacobs stands for decentralization and people oriented planning. In the same context, Jacobs has explained an alternative analytical approach that could substitute this return on investment or ROI seeking economic policy. According to Jacobs, life in a city involves complex behavior of numerous individual variables which can be defined as a sort of â€Å"disorganized complexity† (Jacobs, 431, 436). From statistical point of view, Jacobs’s analytical approach can be regarded as seeming chaos. In economic sense, this seeming chaos of city life must be controlled by allowing flexibility instead of harnessing order and discipline. For example, a remotely located children’s park in a planned city is actually more unsafe than the roadside playgrounds within a crowded residential locality. In the wake of modern research and analysis, Hoch et al fro m ICMA University appear to have interpreted Jacobs’s views in a more organized way. In the chapter on â€Å"Economic Analysis†, Hoch et al (119) advocate using a comparative analysis of a local economy (under planning) against the overall national economy and industrial patterns. For example, say iron and steel industry in a country provides for 50% of the total employments generated there. In such circumstances, planning a city that has grown around a steel plant where only 10% of the residents are employed in the iron and steel industry can be troublesome. So the urban planner will need to calculate the day time and night time populations of the city separately so that the city’s importance in national economy can be better understood. Jacobs’s theory of having disorganized complexity in city life appears to be very relevant in this kind of urban scenarios. Precondition to economic analyses Hoch et al, therefore, advocate for implementing descriptive s tatistical techniques so that inferences can be firmly grounded on the basis of dependable information. And the aim of all these analytical arrangements must focus on generating reasoned â€Å"decision-making criteria† (Hoch et al, 419) to address inequities and usher at better planning that would provide for appropriate capital improvements with regard to environmental factors as well. Benefits Keeping in mind the example of High Land Park in the New York City, it should be noted that accepting Jacobs’

How Service Providers Ensure Consumer Retention Essay

How Service Providers Ensure Consumer Retention - Essay Example This is because it is only through customer retention that these service providers can gain a competitive advantage over other firms in the same industry. Nevertheless, the question is, how does these service providers ensure this? The purpose of this paper is to explore the strategies employed by service providers to ensure customer retention. One key element of customer retention is ensuring that customers are provided with quality goods and services (Buttle 12). It is noted that many service providers tend to strive towards the provision of quality good and services as a way of keeping their customers loyal to the company. This is because no single customer would be willing to come back to get the products or services of a company that they had previous been dissatisfied. Buttle notes that many customers would only be willing to remain loyal to those companies that provide quality products and services to their customers (14). This is one of the reasons as to why companies such as Walmart, Target and Kroger among others have large customer retention base. These retail shops attribute its customer loyalty to the fact that it provides better quality products and services, which has kept their customers coming again and again. Research shows that customer retention is not only based on provision of better quality products and services, but also on creating awareness on the existence of the products and services (Hennig-Thurau and Hansen 102). Many service providers are aware of this fact, and as a result engage on extensive advertising campaign to inform their customers of the existence of their products and services, as is the case with Walmart one of the largest grocery retail shop in the US. Walmart, for instance, does this through mailing list, local advertising, video marketing, email list and facebook among others. Customer retention is also very much dependent on customer service (Lamb 44). As a result, to ensure that customers remain loyal to the compan y, service providers always ensure that customers are provided with optimal customer service. This involves extending a helping hand to the customers all the time irrespective of the place and time. Technological advancement have made this easier to service provider as they can now do this through social media networks to keep in close contact with their customers as is the case with Target retail. This ensures that customer’s queries and problems are handled in time making them feel valued, thus building loyalty. In addition, many service providers ensure that those employed at the customer care desks are professional with etiquette, hospitable and able to handle their customers well. This is because these are the people who mainly come into close contact with customers first. They, therefore, their first impression with the customers can impact greatly on whether the customer will remain loyal or not. Take for example a situation where a customer makes an important call to the company and it is not picked by the customer care employee in time. Such behaviors makes customer feel less valued by the company and as such will seek the services of competitors who can handle them well. Making a customer feel special and valued is another factor that contributes immensely to customer loyalty. Many at time, customers prefer being valued and treated in a special way for them to remain loyal.

Female Education In Pakistan Theology Religion Essay

Female Education In Pakistan Theology Religion Essay Do you think education is important for the development of a nation? Napoleon Bonaparte said, Give me an educated mother, I shall promise the birth of a civilized nation. Education has a key role in the development of a country. As about half of the population of world is female, female education is as necessary as male education. We have seen in the history of the world that those nations are in the lines of leading developed nations who have educated their women and men equally. But unfortunately the situation of female education in Pakistan is not as good as it should be. Many organizations are working for its improvement. There are some major obstructions in the way of female education but the situation may be improved if some steps are taken with responsibilities. Importance of female education is obvious to everyone. Education of female is necessary for a society in many ways. Firstly educated mothers can educate children in a better way as compared to uneducated woman. She can understand the difficulties coming to students in seeking education. Secondly educated mothers bring up children with more care than uneducated woman. Moreover, Education gives girls and women power to decide about their life and life style. She knows how her right and can raise her voice for her right in the world. Lower female education has a negative impact on economic growth as it lowers the average level of human capital. If we look at the success of European countries, that is only because of their education system. They take education seriously the education of men and women equally. That is the only cause why they are developing so fast. But the situation in Pakistan is totally reversed people understand education necessary for men and not for women. The siFatuation of female education in Pakistan is not satisfying. According to Pakistan Social and Living Measurement survey 2008-2009, the literacy rate of women was only 45%. The rate was 41.75% in 2004. It means the rate was increased only by 3.25% in the duration of five years. It is very disappointing as compared to any other developing country for example India which has the female education rate of 74%. The ratio of female to male education which is 45 to 69 is not good too. The situation is worse in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and Baluchistan in which female literacy rate is 31% and 23% respectively. The ratio of female to male education in these provinces is 31/69 and 23/62. The situation is alarming in the country especially in the provinces mentioned above. According to Pakistan educational statistics 2006-2007, there are total 64,309 and 46,270 schools for boys and girls respectively. The number of mixed schools is 36,112. While the situation of Khyber pukhtoonkhwa and Balochista n is especially worse. There are only 8,016 girl schools in KPK while the number of girls school is 2,898 in Baluchistan. The statistics shows that the situation is highly alarming for the development of Pakistan we should improve the situation otherwise the dream of success of Pakistan will not be fulfilled. There are some problems occurring in the way of female education in Pakistan. Religious misinterpretation is one of them. Some people consider female education against religion so they do not let their daughters get education. They are afraid that girls will become liberal when they are educated. In some areas of Pakistan extremism (so called Islamic extremists) badly affected female education. Many girls school were destroyed in the current wave of extremism in the country. Girls were not allowed to go to schools and colleges. Malala Yousafzai, a 14 year girl who raised her voice for the education of girls was attacked by the extremists. Lack of knowledge about the importance of female education is another obstruction. People dont consider education important for woman. They dont feel woman can take part in social life after getting education. They consider the job of woman limited to home. In some areas culture does not allow woman to seek education. For example, the tribal areas o f Pakistan where woman are not allowed even to go out of their home. Society does not allow girls/women to develop their human capabilities by precluding them from acquiring education. Lack of emphasis on the importance of womens education is one of the cardinal features of gender inequality in Pakistan. Chaudhry, I. Rahman, S. (2009). As for as Islam is concerned, it is the most accused religion about gender inequality. Dr. Raheeq Abbasi, secretary general Minhajul Quran International states that this is a sad accusation made upon Islam while knowledge is one of the basic pillars on which the building of Islam is raised. This is a fact that the first revelation upon the holy prophet contained the word read. There is no disagreement within Islam regarding the seeking of knowledge being binding and obligatory. He states that the there are more than five hundred verses in the Holy Quran which highlights the importance of seeking of knowledge. ( Abbasi, 2009 ). Islam has its clear concept about education. According to the Holy Quran, Say: Can those who have knowledge and those who do not be alike? So only the wise do receive the admonition. [Al-Zumar, 39:9.]. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) said, Acquisition of knowledge is binding on all Muslims (both men and women without any discrimination). [Narrated by Ibn Maja in al-Su nan, 1:81 224.]. It is evident from the Holy Quran and Hadiths that there is no gender discrimination in seeking knowledge. Also study of the life of Holy Prophet shows that he made special arrangement for the education of women. But there are some conditions that Muslim women should follow while going out for education. In Islam woman is not allowed to go out without pardah. As stated in the holy Quran. And direct the believing women that they (too) must keep their eyes lowered and guard their chastity, and must not show off their adornments and beautification except that (part of it) which becomes visible itself. [Al-Nur, 24:31.]. In another place Allah says, O Prophet! Say to your wives, your daughters and the women of believers that, (whilst going out,) they should draw their veils as coverings over them. It is more likely that this way they may be recognized (as pious, free women), and may not be hurt (considered by mistake as roving slave girls). And Allah is Most Forgiving, E ver-Merciful. [12 Al-Ahzab, 33:59.]. Many organizations are working for the development of female education in the country. In government sector Federal and Provincial ministries are active to develop female education. Schools are being constructed for girls in the areas where needed. Some schemes are being evolved in girls schools to persuade girls to seek education. For example, books are distributed free of cost up to high schools. But this is not fulfilling the need. The announcements are often not brought to action. Education has only 2% in the total budget of the country. Moreover some Non-government organizations are also working. These NGOs are arranging seminars and functions all over the country in order to make people aware about the importance of female education in Pakistan. They are also distributing free textbooks, other general knowledge books, sports equipments and even food for in the school girls in order to persuade girls to schools. There are some difficulties for them to them. Some local religious leaders do not allow them to work in their areas. They think their policy is to make people away from religion. Therefore people are directed not to contribute with them in the cause as they are carrying people away from the religion. Some local organizations are also working for cause Alkhidmat foundation, a local Islamic NGO is working for female education. It gives scholarships to the needy students all over the country. The situation of female education can be improved if some bold steps are taken. First of all teachers and students should play their role in the cause. This may be done by making people aware about the importance of female education by arranging seminars and function around the country especially in the rural areas. Secondly religious scholars should take part in this cause. As religious misinterpretation is one of the major obstacles in the way. People do not have clear idea of religion about female education. They should tell the clear idea of religion about education especially female education and also the conditions for female to go outside home to seek education. Next, Government should take some steps to improve the situation. Government has to make awareness in people regarding female education. It should construct girls schools in the areas where there the number of schools is very low. As many people do not let their girls get education in co-education system. There should be complete separate schools and also female staff for the girls. As Education has only 2% in the annual budget. Government should spend more on education in their annual budgets. The non-government organizations working for female education also have to play their role in the cause by making awareness in such a way that people would not consider it against their religion. Special attention should be given to the areas where the situation is alarming. It is obvious from the above discussion that the situation of female education in Pakistan is much lower than the need of the time. Females are not given the right of seeking education. There are many obstructions in the way of female education which include religious misinterpretation, current wave of extremism in the country and lack of knowledge about the importance of female education, many organizations are working for the improvement of situation in government as well as non-government sectors. The situation can be improved if every individual play its role with responsibility. Teachers, students, religious leaders and scholars, government and non government organizations can make it better if they know and fulfill their responsibilities. Abbasi, DR. Raheeq, (2009). Women Education In Islam. 1st ed. Pakistan: Minhaj Ul Quran International. Chaudhry, I. Rahman, S. (2009). The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education on Rural Poverty in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, Issue 15, 2009.