Pollution in Vellore

CASE STUDY ON POLLUTION IN VELLORE: SOURCES AND MEASURES TO CHECK IT. SOURCES AND METHODS TO REDUCE POLLUTION IN VELLORE Shraddha Sahu and Akshay Ahuja B. tech- Electronics and communication Engg. , SENSE, VIT UNIVERSITY, Vellore, Tamil Nadu – 632014 Email id- shraddha. [email  protected] ac. in ABSTRACT: Vellore, also known as ‘fort city’ and a historical destination in southernmost India , is one of the fastest growing cities. This city is a hub for leather industries, chemical industries as well as automobile and mechanical industries.It ranks 8 in the most polluted cities on the survey conducted by The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in conjunction with IIT-Delhi. The observation of pollution in this city was conducted with an aim to study the sources of pollution in the city and measures to control it. The observation of pollution was done by roaming around in the city between chittoor bus stand to new bus stand. The rapid industrial growth is respon sible for the pollution. KEYWORDS: Historical destination, conjuction, pollution. INTRODUCTION: Since the industrial revolution the world has witnessed the rapid expansion of its cities.For years humans have been flocking to these urban centres in search of jobs, commodities, entertainment and other phenomenathat can commonly be found in cities. [1] Pollution of Environment or environmental pollution means making the environment foul. Our environment means the surrounding of our house where we live, the surrounding of our village where we live or the surrounding of our town or city where we live. If our surrounding gets polluted we suffer from many kinds of disease and sickness. If our surrounding gets highly polluted, our life gets endangered. [2] Modern evelopment processes, especially industrialization, have come in for a great deal of criticism for their utter disregard for the environment. Trash and garbage is a common sight in urban and rural areas of India. It is a major sour ce of pollution. [3] Street corners are piled with trash. Public places and sidewalks are despoiled with filth and litter, rivers and canals act as garbage dumps. [4] Air pollution  is a serious issue with the major sources being fuelwood and biomass burning, fuel adulteration, vehicle emission and traffic congestion. [5] In urban areas, vehicle emissions are another source of air pollution.Vehicle emissions are worsened by fuel adulteration and poor fuel combustion effi    ciencies from traffic congestion and low density of quality, high speed  road network  per 1000 people.. [6] Rapid urbanization during the recent decades has given rise to a number of environmental problems such as water supply, waste water generation and its collection, treatment and disposal. Vellore city which came up on the bank of palar river have not given a proper thought to the problems of wastewater, sewerage etc. In urban areas, the wastewater is let out untreated and causes large scale water po llution. [7] METHODOLOGY:To find out the source of the pollution and think over the measures to control it the region between chittoor bus stand and new bus stand of vellore city was selected as the locale for this study. The observation of the pollution was carried out by roaming around the streets. Photographs were taken out and normal discussion of source of pollution was done with local people. The local people were asked about the difficulties they face due to the pollution and how can we overcome this from their point of view. Use of internet and e-books were taken to study more about this problem and to check it. RESULT:From the above study we came to know that the pollution in vellore city is no more different from other cities. The common sites seen were roadside garbage dumping, unhygienic area around water sources, air pollution due to emission of gases by vehicles, accumulation of solid waste and poor sanitation. This problem is common to almost every city in India. The common traditional known sources of air pollution are power plants, industries, road dust, construction work, garbage burning, vehicle exhaust and domestic fuels. The sources of land pollution are garbage dumping and improper disposal of solid waste.The sources of water pollution are sewage discharge from industries, poor sanitation, disposal of waste in water sources and religious sources. DISCUSSIONS AND FINDINGS: The important landmarks that come between old chittoor bus stand of vellore to new bus stand of vellore are Pillayar koil, thiru nagar, silk mill, gandhinagar, doordarshan, virthumpet and new bridge road over the palar river. Problems related to city: Use of tetrapacks, plastic plates, cups and bags, tin cans and similar throw-away items has increased in the last decade.Lack of proper waste collection, segregation and management systems and poor sanitary conditions are aggravating health problems. The reason for the contamination of the ground water in Vellore is because the tanneries are dumping their effluents into city’s lifeline—the Palar River. All the tanneries here from Vaniampadi to Ranipet dump their effluents into the river. [8] Problem related to palar river bed: The Palar River bed is dry most of the year because it is a seasonal river. It stirs to life every year during the monsoon. When the river is devoid of water the riverbed is quarried for its 15 feet of sand.Palar is the primary source of drinking water for the residents of Vellore. But those who live in this city made famous by the super speciality hospital, Christian Medical College, say that the clear water of Palar has turned into blood red. A local environment group, Pasumai Thayagam, affirms that the red toxic water has destroyed sources of potable drinking water in various localities of Vellore like Ambur, Vaniampadi and Ranipet. Measures taken by government to check pollution in vellore: Exnora Green Cross, supported by UNICEF, initiated a pilot project on s olid waste management in a ward of Vellore municipality in 2000.ZWM [Zero Waste Management] is a system of managing solid wastes that strives for maximum waste recovery through recycling and reuse, aiming at zero waste generation. †¢ It minimizes pollution of ground water and air by doing away with disposal of wastes at dumpsites and land? lls. †¢ Zero waste management integrates the informal recycling sector (ragpickers and waste collectors) into the solid waste management system providing opportunities for income generation. Possible measures that can be taken: 1. Conversion of waste paper into pepwood: Conversion of waste paper into pulp articles is an old art.We can reduce garbage by recycling the waste paper in a decentralized manner. It will help in prevention of burning of waste paper & ? lthy sights. Women/SHG members/unemployed youths/after receiving thorough training can undertake this activity. 2. Liquid Waste Management through Root Zone Treatment: Under the li quid waste management practices at community level, the waste water from toilets is being treated naturally through â€Å"Root Zone Treatment Method (Natural plant based system)†. The treated water (5500 liter per day for 50 person’s occupancy) is recycled for toilet flushing and landscaping purposes. . Eco Friendly plastic fuel [Conversion of waste plastic into liquid hydrocarbons/ energy]: Prof. Mrs. Alka Umesh Zadgaonkar, Head of Department of Applied Chemistry at the Nagpur based G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering, invented an Environment friendly catalyticadditive process for disposal of waste plastic. The invented process involves degradation of waste plastic using `catalytic-additive’ and is different from the generally existing pyrolytic processes. The products obtained in the process are Liquid hydrocarbons, Gas and residual Coke.It is a major breakthrough in the arena of non-conventional sources of energy! 4. Black water management from community toi let: EXNORA International Chennai, through its unit in Tiruchi District, has taken up construction of Decentralized Waste Water Treatment System (DEWATS), which is ideally suited for small colonies, apartments, slum areas etc. Salient features: †¢ Decentralized treatment of black water. †¢ Reuse of treated water for raising trees, vegetables. †¢ Use of biogas for cooking and lighting. †¢ No Electricity or chemical is used for treatment. Very easy for operation and maintenance since it does not have hazardous or complicated machinery. CONCLUSION: Urbanisation brings prosperity but at the same time creates environmental problems like pollution, accumulation of solid waste and poor sanitation. . In this context, solid waste management is an area of challenge and of innovation for urban planners and city corporations. A zero waste management (ZWM) project by NGO Exnora Green Cross, initially piloted with UNICEF, in Tamil Nadu’s Vellore district is an example o f a successful solid waste management programme and its bene? s. REFERENCES: 1. â€Å"The little green data book†. The world bank. 2010. 2. â€Å"Environment assessment, Country data: India† , The world bank. 2011. 3. Radhakanta Swain, Essay. 4. â€Å"Drowning in a sea of garbage†, New York times. April 2010. 5. Atmanand et al. (2009). â€Å"Energy and Sustainable Development-An Indian Perspective†. World Academy of Science. 6. â€Å"Urban air pollution, catching gasoline and diesel adulteration†. World bank 2002. 7. Krishnakumar Asha, 1995. Streams of poison. 8. V. K. Shashikumar, Tehelka magazine, 16 july 2005

The Life and Legacy of John Wesley

The Life and Legacy of John Wesley Abstract John Wesley is a renowned historical figure. His contribution to the revival of Christian churches in remarkable. Although part of his life was spent doing charitable and pious activities zealously, his zeal was not based on knowledge. He still had an emptiness that needed to be filled by the true joy which comes after putting one’s faith in Jesus Christ.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Life and Legacy of John Wesley specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wesley’s early life was characterized by fear but this changed after his conversion. He became supernaturally bold such that even violence would not deter him from preaching the word. His legacy as an epitome of a true minister of the gospel lives on. Introduction Many historical figures are remembered for their contribution in church history. John Wesley is one of the people whose contribution in the formation of evangelical churches i s remarkable. His passion for preaching, coupled with his courage enabled him to preach the gospel fearlessly amidst much persecution. This paper shall explore the life and legacy of John Wesley. The lessons that can be learnt from his life shall also be outlined. Thesis statement There have been many great leaders in the history of mankind in general and in the Christian history in particular. John Wesley is one of such leaders, who have had a significant impact on the church. Wesley was not like any other minister of the gospel but he was a courageous and spirit-filled minister of the gospel who preached under the anointing of the Holy Spirit, impacting millions of people. This paper explores the life of john Wesley, from the time he was still unconverted to the time he became a Christian. His journey in Christianity as a minister of the gospel is discussed. Early Years John Wesley was born in 1703, in Epworth. His parents were Samuel and Susan Wesley. His was a large family of ni neteen children and he was the fifteenth child. His father had grown up in a religious family and worked as a priest in their village.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Both the grandfather and great grandfather of Wesley were religious men and suffered a lot because of their faith. They were constantly rejected while their fellow brethren faced a lot of persecution. Wesley’s background was therefore one that nurtured him to be a disciplined and God fearing person. When he was 27 years, Wesley joined up with his brother called Charles to form a group comprised of students. The group was supposed to be a source of encouragement to one another in matters of growth towards holiness. They were involved in charitable works such as visiting those in prison and helping the poor in the society. To aid in their mission of growth towards holiness, the group met regularly for prayer and reading of the bible. The group was ridiculed by the rest of the students who even gave them the nickname ‘holy club’. Although Wesley was engaged in such pious activities and which seemed to have a show of spirituality, he remained unconverted4. He continued with his good works, trying to win the approval of God through them but deep inside, he knew that this would not help him. He was zealous in what he was doing but the zeal was based on ignorance. Deep in his heart, he went through extensive periods of guilt and felt very inadequate in what he was doing. He also suffered a lot because of the fear of death that he had. Wesley’s Conversion When he was 32 years old, he accompanied his brother on a trip to Georgia, USA. The trip was meant for evangelism, with the Indians being the main target. They traveled by ship. The sail was however not a smooth one because they were hit by a storm along the way. The storm was very fierce such that parts of th eir ship were destroyed. Wesley was so scared and thought that his life was going to end there. Compared to the rest of the Moravian missionaries, Wesley was the only one who lacked the peace of God. The rest were calm and he wondered how they could remain so peaceful in the middle of such a storm. Wesley has not been born again like the rest and therefore did not have the supernatural peace that one gets after being converted. He immediately knew that he needed what these missionaries had.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Life and Legacy of John Wesley specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, he did not accept to be converted immediately. He continued with his missionary trips to India for two years, which bore no fruits. This is when Wesley realized that he too needed to be converted just like the Indians he was evangelizing to. At the age of 35, Wesley attended a meeting in London which impacted on h is life greatly. By that time, he had been serving as an Anglican priest. The message that transformed his life was read by Luther, who explained about the resultant change that happens when a person puts their faith in Jesus Christ. His life was immediately transformed when he realized that Jesus Christ had forgiven him his sins and saved him from the consequences of it. As he left the meeting, Wesley felt that his life was changed and he was a new man. He discovered that a person who has been in self-justification for long had a greater joy once they were freed from this bondage and experienced the surpassing joy of knowing Jesus as Lord and Savior. From this time henceforth, Wesley’s sermons were made under the power of the Holy Spirit and his ministry was completely transformed. An example of such a sermon is the Bristol sermon which transformed the path followed by the English history4. Wesley’s Legacy John Wesley had numerous distinguishing qualities. His passion for preaching is one of them. He believed that this ought to be the priority of any servant of God. An example of how passionate he was about preaching was when he ministered in Bristol in 1739. According to Green, Wesley gave three sermons, the first to a congregation of around 1000 people in one day1. He preached the second sermon to around 1500 people and the last one to over 5000 people. The same was duplicated two days later when he went to Bath. All the sermons were delivered without microphones but the only tool he used was his voice.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another thing that is worth noting about Wesley is the presence of God’s power whenever he ministered2. Although he considered himself an average preacher, the move of the Holy Spirit was always evident in his preaching sessions. Wesley would say that it was not uncommon for people present in his meeting to weep uncontrollably and even be unable to stand on their feet, as they called upon God. Wesley further says that this phenomenon had nothing to do with him because he had no ability or power to make people react in such a way but he attributed all that to God’s supernatural power. Wesley is also noted because of his extraordinary courage. He was known not to fear any man. He attributed his courage to God’s anointing upon his life. Despite the numerous persecutions and hardships he faced while trying to reach out to the people using the word of God, Wesley never gave. He got so used to being jeered, stoned and even to dirt being thrown at him whenever he went to preach, to an extent that it never bothered him anymore. In some places, the attacks were so fierce such that bulls and horsemen rode through the crowds as Wesley preached. Gangs also organized themselves and used clubs and other assorted weapons to attack Wesley and his people but this never deterred them from moving on3. This kind of courage can be contrasted with his fear he exhibited during the storm before conversion. Wesley’s courage is something that he acquired immediately after his conversion. This can be explained by an incident that happened when he returned to his home town after conversion but was denied the permission to preach because of his zeal. This did not deter him because he used the grave of his father, which was built next to the church, as a platform to preach to people. Wesley was a staunch Anglican. He shied away from the idea of starting a new church. This impaired his ministry because the structure of the Anglican Church did not accommodate his anointing. After his death, there was a breaking away of his members to form another church that would accommodate their way of ministry. Wesley, together with his brother Charles, composed several hymns dealing with the perfection of Christians and the amazing grace of Jesus once one has been saved. Hymn singing in churches was largely advocated for by Wesley and his brother Charles. Lessons from Wesley’s Life The importance of bringing up children in a godly way can be learnt through Wesley’s upbringing. Nurturing one’s children in a pious way could mean nurturing great leader who is going to impact on the world is a mighty way, like Wesley did. Another lesson is that God can choose to keep a person in periods of unbelief temporarily in order to reveal to them the greater joy of believing in Jesus Christ once they are converted. After his conversion, Wesley saw that self justification led to misery and only justification through faith in Jesus Christ resulted into lasting joy. The life of Wesley also teaches Christians about the importance and benefits of preaching the word of God under the power and the anointing of the Holy Spirit3. From Wesley’s ministry, one can learn the fruitfulness of doing this. His life can also be a lesson that God can still use the unmarried to spread his word. Wesley remained single until he was 47 years, when he married. However, his marriage did not last for long because he was unable to dedicate his life to building up his marriage. This led to a separation. Conclusion John Wesley can be described as a hero of the Christian faith. Although it took him a long time to be converted, the duration he remained in ministry before his death had a significant impact in England specifically, and in the world as a whole. Wesley is notable for his enthusiasm in preaching the word of God, preaching under the anointing of the Holy Spirit and also for his unfailing courage. This courage was acquired after his conv ersion because prior to this, he was a cowardly man. He is a perfect model of a faithful minister of the gospel and his legacy lives on, years after his death. Reference List Green, Michael. 1970. Evangelism in the Early Church. London: Hodder and Stoughton. Piper, John. 1990. The Supremacy of God in Preaching. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House. Richard, Hannula. 1999. Trial and Triumph. Nashville: Cannon Press. Stewart, James. 1946. Preaching. London: English University Press Ltd. Footnotes Stewart, James. 1946. Preaching. London: English University Press Ltd. Green, Michael. 1970. Evangelism in the Early Church. London: Hodder and Stoughton. Stewart, James. 1946. Preaching. London: English University Press Ltd. Piper, John. 1990. The Supremacy of God in Preaching. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House. Richard, Hannula. 1999. Trial and Triumph. Nashville: Cannon Press. Richard, Hannula. 1999. Trial and Triumph. Nashville: Cannon Press.

The Stolen Party Term Paper

The Stolen Party Term Paper The Stolen Party Term Paper The Stolen Party Term PaperWell, the term is coming to the end and your teacher says over again that you have to prepare The Stolen Party term paper. The task seems to be overcomplicated to you, that is why you put it off all the time. But actually, all you need to start working on The Stolen Party term paper is forget about your fear for difficulties and find a good idea. In this article, some catchy ideas to develop in The Stolen Party term paper are presented. So, take advantage of them. In addition, you may surf our blog for free essay samples such as essay term paper on doing business in China and police performance term paper written by professional term paper writers for free!The Stolen Party term paper: Idea #1. Rosauras Dreams and RealityIn The Stolen Party, Rosaura, the main character of the novel, dreams a lot. However, her dreams are shattered by the bitter reality. In order to develop this idea in The Stolen Party term paper, give some examples from the text of how R osauras mother made her come back to earth and damaged the idea of improving herself. The Stolen Party term paper: Idea # 2. A Life Lesson in the StoryIn The Stolen Party, the main character becomes a victim of a class structure that keeps rich people on the top and poor at the bottom of society. Rosaura learns an important and traumatic for her lesson about life. What was the cause of such a deduction of Rosaura? Tell more about it in your The Stolen Party term paper. The Stolen Party term paper: Idea # 3. Pettiness of Wealthy People in the NovelPeople use to say that money spoil them. How does Liliana Heker depict wealthy people in her book The Stolen Party? This is what you have to talk about in The Stolen Party term paper. Why wealthy people are that cynical, petty, and miserable as Heker depicts them in the novel? Express your point of view on it in The Stolen Party term paper. The Stolen Party term paper: Idea # 4. A Two-Class Society in the NovelThis topic does not seem to be difficult as you do not have to make fresh conclusions on the novel and its main idea. All you have to do to write The Stolen Party term paper on this subject is to represent Hekers idea of how society at those times was categorized. Also, in The Stolen Party term paper, try to guess Hekers attitude to such a division.Do not wait until inspiration comes to you. Start writing at least anything, and a good paper will take a shape soon.

Cellular pathology Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cellular pathology - Personal Statement Example ence I obtained from King Abdul Aziz Hospital, I have confidence that I possess the necessary skills that form the basis for a career in medical diagnostics specifically cellular pathology. I have knowledge about the process of collecting samples from the patients and protecting them from contamination before commencing diagnostic procedures. At King Abdul Aziz Hospital, I had a comprehensive exposure and practice on the process of slide preparation and observation through medical microscopes. The laboratory department at the hospital analyzed both slides prepared from tissues and cells derived from body fluids (Hanon-Fletcher & Maxwell 43). The experience at King Abdul Aziz hospital inspired me to pursue a degree in biomedical science. This saw me relocate to UK where I am almost actualizing my aspiration. In UK, I have been going through a thorough training on laboratory techniques. The practical sessions had particular interest in diagnostics through cellular analysis. A major area am currently well conversant with is cancer diagnosis and it forms my primary reason for the interest in pursuing cellular pathology at West of England University. In addition, the course equipped me on how to obtain and handle pathological specimens for cellular analysis. My desire in life is to develop diagnostic procedures that are efficient and fast. Diagnostic procedures that are in use currently are not favorable to patients due to long waits. I would like to see patients get their results instantly and accurately. Cellular pathology looks at the origin of a disease at the cell level as opposed to the symptomatic diagnosis employed by most laboratories today. In the pursuit of my desire, undertaking my cellular pathology studies at the University will help me acquire the knowledge and skills for actualizing my desire. Knowing the basis of a condition in time is a prerequisite for managing the disease. Cellular pathology is the way to go as it gives the most accurate results

High Line Park NYC Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

High Line Park NYC - Assignment Example The High Line Park of New York is a prominent example, where Jacobs’s viewpoint appears to have been very effective and influential. Discussion Jane Jacobs, in her famous work The Death and Life of Great American Cities, attacked the contemporary theory of urban planning based on modernist view and furnished reasoned criticisms against the works of the renowned planners like Robert Moses who were pressing ahead with their rationalized urban planning schemes for different American cities. Jacobs’s works gained attention and credibility due to her approach that involved credible analytics to deal with the urban economic cultures of Western world. A technical point that Jacobs focused on was the analyses of contemporary federal incentives and investments in the real estate sector. Contextual to this economic view of exploiting analytical data over investment patterns and government schemes, Jacobs further remarks, â€Å"The power to destroy which is possessed by authority over credit or by management of credit is negative: it is the power to withhold credit† (Jacobs, 295). In this way, Jacobs stands for decentralization and people oriented planning. In the same context, Jacobs has explained an alternative analytical approach that could substitute this return on investment or ROI seeking economic policy. According to Jacobs, life in a city involves complex behavior of numerous individual variables which can be defined as a sort of â€Å"disorganized complexity† (Jacobs, 431, 436). From statistical point of view, Jacobs’s analytical approach can be regarded as seeming chaos. In economic sense, this seeming chaos of city life must be controlled by allowing flexibility instead of harnessing order and discipline. For example, a remotely located children’s park in a planned city is actually more unsafe than the roadside playgrounds within a crowded residential locality. In the wake of modern research and analysis, Hoch et al fro m ICMA University appear to have interpreted Jacobs’s views in a more organized way. In the chapter on â€Å"Economic Analysis†, Hoch et al (119) advocate using a comparative analysis of a local economy (under planning) against the overall national economy and industrial patterns. For example, say iron and steel industry in a country provides for 50% of the total employments generated there. In such circumstances, planning a city that has grown around a steel plant where only 10% of the residents are employed in the iron and steel industry can be troublesome. So the urban planner will need to calculate the day time and night time populations of the city separately so that the city’s importance in national economy can be better understood. Jacobs’s theory of having disorganized complexity in city life appears to be very relevant in this kind of urban scenarios. Precondition to economic analyses Hoch et al, therefore, advocate for implementing descriptive s tatistical techniques so that inferences can be firmly grounded on the basis of dependable information. And the aim of all these analytical arrangements must focus on generating reasoned â€Å"decision-making criteria† (Hoch et al, 419) to address inequities and usher at better planning that would provide for appropriate capital improvements with regard to environmental factors as well. Benefits Keeping in mind the example of High Land Park in the New York City, it should be noted that accepting Jacobs’

How Service Providers Ensure Consumer Retention Essay

How Service Providers Ensure Consumer Retention - Essay Example This is because it is only through customer retention that these service providers can gain a competitive advantage over other firms in the same industry. Nevertheless, the question is, how does these service providers ensure this? The purpose of this paper is to explore the strategies employed by service providers to ensure customer retention. One key element of customer retention is ensuring that customers are provided with quality goods and services (Buttle 12). It is noted that many service providers tend to strive towards the provision of quality good and services as a way of keeping their customers loyal to the company. This is because no single customer would be willing to come back to get the products or services of a company that they had previous been dissatisfied. Buttle notes that many customers would only be willing to remain loyal to those companies that provide quality products and services to their customers (14). This is one of the reasons as to why companies such as Walmart, Target and Kroger among others have large customer retention base. These retail shops attribute its customer loyalty to the fact that it provides better quality products and services, which has kept their customers coming again and again. Research shows that customer retention is not only based on provision of better quality products and services, but also on creating awareness on the existence of the products and services (Hennig-Thurau and Hansen 102). Many service providers are aware of this fact, and as a result engage on extensive advertising campaign to inform their customers of the existence of their products and services, as is the case with Walmart one of the largest grocery retail shop in the US. Walmart, for instance, does this through mailing list, local advertising, video marketing, email list and facebook among others. Customer retention is also very much dependent on customer service (Lamb 44). As a result, to ensure that customers remain loyal to the compan y, service providers always ensure that customers are provided with optimal customer service. This involves extending a helping hand to the customers all the time irrespective of the place and time. Technological advancement have made this easier to service provider as they can now do this through social media networks to keep in close contact with their customers as is the case with Target retail. This ensures that customer’s queries and problems are handled in time making them feel valued, thus building loyalty. In addition, many service providers ensure that those employed at the customer care desks are professional with etiquette, hospitable and able to handle their customers well. This is because these are the people who mainly come into close contact with customers first. They, therefore, their first impression with the customers can impact greatly on whether the customer will remain loyal or not. Take for example a situation where a customer makes an important call to the company and it is not picked by the customer care employee in time. Such behaviors makes customer feel less valued by the company and as such will seek the services of competitors who can handle them well. Making a customer feel special and valued is another factor that contributes immensely to customer loyalty. Many at time, customers prefer being valued and treated in a special way for them to remain loyal.

Female Education In Pakistan Theology Religion Essay

Female Education In Pakistan Theology Religion Essay Do you think education is important for the development of a nation? Napoleon Bonaparte said, Give me an educated mother, I shall promise the birth of a civilized nation. Education has a key role in the development of a country. As about half of the population of world is female, female education is as necessary as male education. We have seen in the history of the world that those nations are in the lines of leading developed nations who have educated their women and men equally. But unfortunately the situation of female education in Pakistan is not as good as it should be. Many organizations are working for its improvement. There are some major obstructions in the way of female education but the situation may be improved if some steps are taken with responsibilities. Importance of female education is obvious to everyone. Education of female is necessary for a society in many ways. Firstly educated mothers can educate children in a better way as compared to uneducated woman. She can understand the difficulties coming to students in seeking education. Secondly educated mothers bring up children with more care than uneducated woman. Moreover, Education gives girls and women power to decide about their life and life style. She knows how her right and can raise her voice for her right in the world. Lower female education has a negative impact on economic growth as it lowers the average level of human capital. If we look at the success of European countries, that is only because of their education system. They take education seriously the education of men and women equally. That is the only cause why they are developing so fast. But the situation in Pakistan is totally reversed people understand education necessary for men and not for women. The siFatuation of female education in Pakistan is not satisfying. According to Pakistan Social and Living Measurement survey 2008-2009, the literacy rate of women was only 45%. The rate was 41.75% in 2004. It means the rate was increased only by 3.25% in the duration of five years. It is very disappointing as compared to any other developing country for example India which has the female education rate of 74%. The ratio of female to male education which is 45 to 69 is not good too. The situation is worse in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and Baluchistan in which female literacy rate is 31% and 23% respectively. The ratio of female to male education in these provinces is 31/69 and 23/62. The situation is alarming in the country especially in the provinces mentioned above. According to Pakistan educational statistics 2006-2007, there are total 64,309 and 46,270 schools for boys and girls respectively. The number of mixed schools is 36,112. While the situation of Khyber pukhtoonkhwa and Balochista n is especially worse. There are only 8,016 girl schools in KPK while the number of girls school is 2,898 in Baluchistan. The statistics shows that the situation is highly alarming for the development of Pakistan we should improve the situation otherwise the dream of success of Pakistan will not be fulfilled. There are some problems occurring in the way of female education in Pakistan. Religious misinterpretation is one of them. Some people consider female education against religion so they do not let their daughters get education. They are afraid that girls will become liberal when they are educated. In some areas of Pakistan extremism (so called Islamic extremists) badly affected female education. Many girls school were destroyed in the current wave of extremism in the country. Girls were not allowed to go to schools and colleges. Malala Yousafzai, a 14 year girl who raised her voice for the education of girls was attacked by the extremists. Lack of knowledge about the importance of female education is another obstruction. People dont consider education important for woman. They dont feel woman can take part in social life after getting education. They consider the job of woman limited to home. In some areas culture does not allow woman to seek education. For example, the tribal areas o f Pakistan where woman are not allowed even to go out of their home. Society does not allow girls/women to develop their human capabilities by precluding them from acquiring education. Lack of emphasis on the importance of womens education is one of the cardinal features of gender inequality in Pakistan. Chaudhry, I. Rahman, S. (2009). As for as Islam is concerned, it is the most accused religion about gender inequality. Dr. Raheeq Abbasi, secretary general Minhajul Quran International states that this is a sad accusation made upon Islam while knowledge is one of the basic pillars on which the building of Islam is raised. This is a fact that the first revelation upon the holy prophet contained the word read. There is no disagreement within Islam regarding the seeking of knowledge being binding and obligatory. He states that the there are more than five hundred verses in the Holy Quran which highlights the importance of seeking of knowledge. ( Abbasi, 2009 ). Islam has its clear concept about education. According to the Holy Quran, Say: Can those who have knowledge and those who do not be alike? So only the wise do receive the admonition. [Al-Zumar, 39:9.]. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) said, Acquisition of knowledge is binding on all Muslims (both men and women without any discrimination). [Narrated by Ibn Maja in al-Su nan, 1:81 224.]. It is evident from the Holy Quran and Hadiths that there is no gender discrimination in seeking knowledge. Also study of the life of Holy Prophet shows that he made special arrangement for the education of women. But there are some conditions that Muslim women should follow while going out for education. In Islam woman is not allowed to go out without pardah. As stated in the holy Quran. And direct the believing women that they (too) must keep their eyes lowered and guard their chastity, and must not show off their adornments and beautification except that (part of it) which becomes visible itself. [Al-Nur, 24:31.]. In another place Allah says, O Prophet! Say to your wives, your daughters and the women of believers that, (whilst going out,) they should draw their veils as coverings over them. It is more likely that this way they may be recognized (as pious, free women), and may not be hurt (considered by mistake as roving slave girls). And Allah is Most Forgiving, E ver-Merciful. [12 Al-Ahzab, 33:59.]. Many organizations are working for the development of female education in the country. In government sector Federal and Provincial ministries are active to develop female education. Schools are being constructed for girls in the areas where needed. Some schemes are being evolved in girls schools to persuade girls to seek education. For example, books are distributed free of cost up to high schools. But this is not fulfilling the need. The announcements are often not brought to action. Education has only 2% in the total budget of the country. Moreover some Non-government organizations are also working. These NGOs are arranging seminars and functions all over the country in order to make people aware about the importance of female education in Pakistan. They are also distributing free textbooks, other general knowledge books, sports equipments and even food for in the school girls in order to persuade girls to schools. There are some difficulties for them to them. Some local religious leaders do not allow them to work in their areas. They think their policy is to make people away from religion. Therefore people are directed not to contribute with them in the cause as they are carrying people away from the religion. Some local organizations are also working for cause Alkhidmat foundation, a local Islamic NGO is working for female education. It gives scholarships to the needy students all over the country. The situation of female education can be improved if some bold steps are taken. First of all teachers and students should play their role in the cause. This may be done by making people aware about the importance of female education by arranging seminars and function around the country especially in the rural areas. Secondly religious scholars should take part in this cause. As religious misinterpretation is one of the major obstacles in the way. People do not have clear idea of religion about female education. They should tell the clear idea of religion about education especially female education and also the conditions for female to go outside home to seek education. Next, Government should take some steps to improve the situation. Government has to make awareness in people regarding female education. It should construct girls schools in the areas where there the number of schools is very low. As many people do not let their girls get education in co-education system. There should be complete separate schools and also female staff for the girls. As Education has only 2% in the annual budget. Government should spend more on education in their annual budgets. The non-government organizations working for female education also have to play their role in the cause by making awareness in such a way that people would not consider it against their religion. Special attention should be given to the areas where the situation is alarming. It is obvious from the above discussion that the situation of female education in Pakistan is much lower than the need of the time. Females are not given the right of seeking education. There are many obstructions in the way of female education which include religious misinterpretation, current wave of extremism in the country and lack of knowledge about the importance of female education, many organizations are working for the improvement of situation in government as well as non-government sectors. The situation can be improved if every individual play its role with responsibility. Teachers, students, religious leaders and scholars, government and non government organizations can make it better if they know and fulfill their responsibilities. Abbasi, DR. Raheeq, (2009). Women Education In Islam. 1st ed. Pakistan: Minhaj Ul Quran International. Chaudhry, I. Rahman, S. (2009). The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education on Rural Poverty in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, Issue 15, 2009.